Unblinded interim analyses in clinical trials with adaptive designs are gaining increasing popularity. Here, the type I error rate is controlled by defining an appropriate conditional error function.
Balancing important covariates is often critical in clinical trials and causal inference. Stratified permuted block (STR-PB) and covariate-adaptive randomization (CAR) procedures are widely used to ba
Equivalent testing has been strongly recommended for demonstrating the comparability of treatment effects in a wide variety of research fields including medical studies. Although the essential propert
