Most Bayesian response-adaptive designs unbalance randomization rates toward the most promising arms with the goal of increasing the number of positive treatment outcomes during the study, even though
Unblinded interim analyses in clinical trials with adaptive designs are gaining increasing popularity. Here, the type I error rate is controlled by defining an appropriate conditional error function.
We consider a confirmatory clinical trial where a primary and a secondary endpoints are tested hierarchically to control the family-wise error rate at level α. The trial uses a group sequential design
Equivalent testing has been strongly recommended for demonstrating the comparability of treatment effects in a wide variety of research fields including medical studies. Although the essential propert