固定高温环境下含缺陷压力容器试验参数及爆破载荷数据
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为解决现有压力容器安全评估方法在高温、高压等极端条件下的局限性，特别是针对含缺陷压力容器的极限爆破载荷预测问题。本研究结合应力应变外推曲线和韧性断裂失效准则开展了高温环境中金属设备失效载荷的预测模拟研究。为验证该预测方法的准确性需开展相应的验证试验。为此，本研究建立了恒定高温条件下的压力容器内压爆破试验系统，并开展了600℃和800℃高温环境下含缺陷压力容器的气压爆破试验。实验系统采用氮气加压替代传统液体加压，通过温控箱与履带式加热板实现600-800℃局部高温加载；结合哈氏合金耐高温管路及长距离316L高压软管构建安全隔离体系，确保控制系统与爆破区域保持安全距离。实验流程包括三阶段——缺陷区升温控温、热平衡保温、充压至破裂，同步采集压力（变送器）与温度（热电偶/测温仪）数据。该系统成功获取含缺陷容器在高温恒温条件下的极限爆破载荷，为高温工况下压力容器的安全评估与设计优化提供了高精度实测数据支撑。
To address the limitations of current pressure vessel safety assessment methods under extreme conditions such as high temperature and high pressure, particularly the challenge of predicting the ultimate burst load of defect-containing pressure vessels, this study carried out predictive simulation research on the failure load of metallic equipment in high-temperature environments by integrating stress-strain extrapolation curves and ductile fracture failure criteria. To verify the accuracy of this prediction method, corresponding validation experiments were required. To this end, this study established an internal pressure burst test system for pressure vessels under constant high-temperature conditions, and conducted pneumatic burst tests on defect-containing pressure vessels at 600℃ and 800℃. The experimental system adopts nitrogen pressurization instead of traditional liquid pressurization, and realizes local high-temperature loading of 600-800℃ via a temperature control chamber and a crawler-type heating plate; a safe isolation system is constructed by combining Hastelloy high-temperature-resistant pipelines and long-distance 316L high-pressure hoses, ensuring a safe distance between the control system and the burst test area. The experimental procedure consists of three stages: temperature rise and control of the defect zone, thermal equilibrium and heat preservation, and pressurization until rupture, with synchronous collection of pressure (pressure transmitter) and temperature (thermocouple/temperature measuring instrument) data. This system successfully obtained the ultimate burst load of defect-containing vessels under high-temperature and constant-temperature conditions, providing high-precision measured data support for safety assessment and design optimization of pressure vessels under high-temperature working conditions.
