Genotypic selection analysis with selection differentials (S), selection gradients (β), quadratic selection coefficients (γ) for phenological traits in each treatment.

GERM: germination timing, BT: bolting time, INT: interval between bolting and anthesis, ANT: anthesis, FLO: flowering, RP: reproductive period duration, FRR: flowering-to-reproductive period ratio. Selection was stabilizing when γ0. Standard errors (SE) are in parentheses. Values in bold indicate significantly different selection coefficients compared to the ‘control’ treatment. Because ANT integrates BT and INT, ANT was not included in polynomial regressions.*0.05>P>0.01,**0.01>P>0.001,***PGERM：发芽时间（germination timing），BT：抽薹时间（bolting time），INT：抽薹至开花间隔时长（interval between bolting and anthesis），ANT：开花期（anthesis），FLO：盛花期（flowering），RP：生殖生长期时长（reproductive period duration），FRR：开花-生殖期占比（flowering-to-reproductive period ratio）。当γ=0时，选择模式为稳定选择。标准误（SE）的数值以括号标注。加粗数值代表与“对照”处理组相比，选择系数存在显著差异。由于开花期（ANT）整合了抽薹时间（BT）与抽薹至开花间隔时长（INT），因此开花期（ANT）未被纳入多项式回归分析。*对应0.05>P>0.01，**对应0.01>P>0.001，***对应P<0.001。