Parameter using in case 1.

In this paper, by combining the Lorentz reciprocity theorem with the particle swarm algorithm, the array beam synthesis method based on wireless power transmission efficiency is successfully applied to the automated beam synthesis process. The improved particle swarm algorithm can achieve automatic gain balancing among multiple beams. This method explicitly combines the radiation pattern of the array element to construct the scattering parameter matrix, providing a new approach in addition to simulation software calculation and experimental measurement, and improving the conventional method of maximum power transmission efficiency. For experimental validation, a 2.45 GHz phased array antenna with a dual-layer feed structure is designed and fabricated. The proposed algorithm successfully synthesizes 2D spatially scanned beams, as well as balanced-gain dual-beam and quad-beam patterns, with measured gain variations below 0.1 dB and computational optimization completed within 8 seconds. Experimental results demonstrate precise beam steering at target angles while maintaining exceptional gain uniformity across all beams. The solution’s pattern-dependent framework ensures universal applicability to diverse array configurations requiring multi-beam synthesis with scanning capability and gain equalization, offering a robust tool for next-generation communication and radar systems.

本文将洛伦兹互易定理（Lorentz reciprocity theorem）与粒子群算法（particle swarm algorithm）相结合，将基于无线功率传输效率的阵列波束合成方法成功应用于自动化波束合成流程。所改进的粒子群算法可实现多波束间的自动增益均衡。该方法明确结合阵列单元的辐射方向图以构建散射参数矩阵（scattering parameter matrix），除仿真软件计算与实验测量之外提供了全新的技术路径，同时改进了传统的最大功率传输效率求解方法。为开展实验验证，本文设计并制作了一款工作于2.45 GHz的双层馈电结构相控阵天线（phased array antenna）。所提算法成功合成了二维空间扫描波束，以及增益均衡的双波束与四波束方向图；实测增益偏差低于0.1 dB，且计算优化过程可在8秒内完成。实验结果表明，该方案可在目标角度实现精准的波束指向控制，同时保证所有波束间具备优异的增益一致性。该方案依托于依赖方向图的架构，可适用于各类需要具备扫描能力与增益均衡的多波束合成阵列配置，为下一代通信与雷达系统提供了可靠的技术工具。