Entomological data.

BackgroundIsolated areas of malaria transmission can persist in countries nearing malaria elimination. To tailor interventions accordingly, smaller-scale surveillance and a deeper understanding of local conditions are needed, including human, environmental and vectorial parameters, and how these parameters interact. This study investigated the potential at-risk situations that could explain the dynamics of malaria persistence in an isolated recurrent high transmission area in French Guiana, using a transdisciplinary approach.Methodology/Principal FindingsWe implemented an ancillary study in Trois-Palétuviers (200 inhabitants), an isolated village in French Guiana bordering Brazil. This was based on two cross-sectional surveys conducted from September to December in 2017 and 2018 that collected both malaria prevalence and behavioural data. Entomological data were collected using 4 Mosquito Magnet traps for three consecutive nights each month. A total of 182 participants were included. The median age was 12.5 years in 2017 (IQR [5;27]). Malaria PCR prevalence was 51% (n = 92) in 2017 and 16% (n = 30) in 2018. Almost all participants used bed nets (99%, n = 180) – but 88% had at least one factor of bed nets ineffectiveness (mainly inadequate drying and washing) –, 63% (n = 114) used indoor insecticides and 32% (n = 57) used skin repellents. Anopheles darlingi, representing 99.7% of the Anopheles caught, were captured throughout the night, with higher abundance in the evening and early morning. No An. darlingi were found in slash-and-burn fields. The high relative abundance of An. darlingi before bedtime exposed inhabitants to the vector’s bites.Conclusions/SignificanceThe absence of An. darlingi in expected locations, such as slash-and-burn fields, points to the complex ecology of malaria transmission and underscores the need for a nuanced understanding of environmental influences, with continuous surveillance. Cross-description of the data suggests a high risk of exposure to mosquito bites by residents before they are protected by bed nets. The inadequacy of anti-vectorial protective measures could be mitigated by education campaigns about protective tools, and by additional protective tools and a frequent distribution of bed nets.背景：在即将实现疟疾消除的国家中，疟疾传播仍可在孤立区域持续存在。为针对性制定干预措施，需开展小规模监测并深入了解当地各类条件，包括人类、环境与媒介相关参数，以及这些参数间的相互作用。本研究采用跨学科方法，旨在探究法属圭亚那一处孤立的复发性高传播区域中，可解释疟疾持续传播动态的潜在高危情形。 方法/主要结果：本研究在毗邻巴西的法属圭亚那孤立村落三帕莱蒂维耶（Trois-Palétuviers，常住人口200人）开展附属研究。研究基于2017年与2018年9月至12月开展的两项横断面调查，收集了疟疾流行率与行为学数据；媒介昆虫学数据则通过每月连续3晚布设4台蚊魔诱捕器（Mosquito Magnet traps）收集。本研究共纳入182名参与者：2017年受试者的年龄中位数为12.5岁（四分位间距IQR [5;27]）；2017年疟疾PCR检测流行率为51%（n=92），2018年为16%（n=30）。几乎所有参与者均使用蚊帐（99%，n=180），但88%的使用者存在至少1项导致蚊帐失效的因素（主要为晾晒与清洗不当）；63%（n=114）使用室内杀虫剂，32%（n=57）使用皮肤驱避剂。捕获的按蚊中99.7%为达林按蚊（Anopheles darlingi），其活动贯穿整夜，在傍晚与清晨密度更高；且刀耕火种农田中未捕获到达林按蚊。就寝前达林按蚊的相对密度较高，导致居民在蚊帐防护前即面临媒介叮咬风险。 结论/意义：达林按蚊未出现在刀耕火种农田等预期区域，这表明疟疾传播的生态过程极为复杂，凸显了需细致理解环境影响并开展持续监测的必要性。对数据的综合分析显示，居民在蚊帐发挥防护作用前即面临较高的蚊虫叮咬暴露风险。可通过开展防护工具相关的宣教活动、补充防护手段以及定期分发蚊帐，改善抗媒介防护措施不足的现状。