Flow diagram of birth cohort study.

217 pregnant women were enrolled under 24 weeks of gestation and their infants were longitudinally followed-up from birth to 12 months of age. For the Treg/Teff part: 59 newborns were excluded (52 newborns + or unknown HIV serostatus in the mother). Data from 150 infants were included for analyses.本研究纳入217名妊娠24周以内的孕妇，并对其所娩新生儿开展从出生至12月龄的纵向随访。针对Treg/Teff相关分析部分：共有59名新生儿被排除（其中52名新生儿的母亲HIV血清学状态为阳性或未知）。最终纳入150名婴儿的研究数据用于后续分析。