Vertical profiles of environmental parameters measured from physical, optical and imaging sensors during station TARA_159 of the Tara Oceans expedition 2009-2013

The Tara Oceans Expedition (2009-2013) sampled the world oceans on board a 36 m long schooner, collecting environmental data and organisms from viruses to planktonic metazoans for later analyses using modern sequencing and state-of-the-art imaging technologies. Tara Oceans Data are particularly suited to study the genetic, morphological and functional diversity of plankton. The present data set includes properties of seawater, particulate matter and dissolved matter from physical, optical and imaging sensors mounted on a vertical sampling system (Rosette) used during the 2009-2013 tara Oceans Expedition. It comprised 2 pairs of conductivity and temperature sensors (SEABIRD components), and a complete set of WEtLabs optical sensors, including chrorophyll and CDOM fluorometers, a 25 cm transmissiometer, and a one-wavelength backscatter meter. In addition, a SATLANTIC ISUS nitrate sensor and a Hydroptic Underwater Vision Profiler (UVP) were mounted on the rosette. In the Arctic Ocean and Arctic Seas (2013), a second oxygen sensor (SBE43) and a four frequency Aquascat acoustic profiler were added. The system was powered on specific Li-Ion batteries and data were self-recorded at 24HZ. Sensors have all been factory calibrated before, during and after the four year program. Oxygen was validated using climatologies (WOA09). Nitrate and Fluorescence data were adjusted with discrete measurements from Niskin bottles mounted on the Rosette, and optical darks were performed monthly on board. A total of 839 quality checked vertical profiles were made during the tara Oceans expedition 2009-2013.塔拉海洋科考航次（2009-2013）依托一艘36米长的纵帆船对全球海洋开展采样作业，收集涵盖从病毒至浮游后生生物的各类生物体与环境数据，以供后续借助现代测序技术与前沿成像技术开展分析研究。塔拉海洋数据集尤其适用于研究浮游生物的遗传、形态与功能多样性。本数据集包含2009-2013年塔拉海洋科考航次中，搭载于垂直采样系统（Rosette）的物理、光学及成像传感器所采集的海水、颗粒物与溶解物相关参数。该系统包含2套电导率-温度传感器（SEABIRD组件），以及一整套WEtLabs光学传感器，涵盖叶绿素与CDOM荧光计、25厘米透射仪以及单波长后向散射仪。此外，Rosette采水架还搭载了SATLANTIC ISUS型硝酸盐传感器与Hydroptic水下视觉剖面仪（Underwater Vision Profiler, UVP）。在2013年的北冰洋及北极海域航次中，额外加装了第二台溶解氧传感器（SBE43）与四频Aquascat声学剖面仪。该系统采用专用锂离子电池供电，数据以24赫兹的频率自主记录。所有传感器均在该四年科考项目的前期、中期与后期完成了工厂校准。溶解氧数据通过气候态数据集（WOA09）完成有效性验证。硝酸盐与荧光数据通过安装于Rosette采水架的尼斯金采水瓶获取的离散测量值进行校正，同时每月在船上开展光学暗场校准。在2009-2013年塔拉海洋科考航次期间，共计完成839份经过质量校验的垂直剖面数据集。