Data from: Carbon resource richness shapes bacterial competitive interactions by alleviating growth-antibiosis trade-off

Antibiosis and resource competition are major drivers shaping the assembly, diversity and functioning of microbial communities. While it is recognised that competition is sensitive to environmental conditions, it is unclear to what extent this mediated by the availability of different carbon resources. Here we used a model laboratory system to directly test this by exploring how carbon resource richness and identity shape resource competition and antibiosis between plant probiotic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and phytopathogenic Ralstonia solanacearum bacteria. We found that while sugars typically promoted B. amyloliquefaciens growth, organic and amino acids increased the production of both bacillaene and macrolactin antibiotics and the direct inhibition of R. solanacearum. In contrast, when multiple different carbon resources were available, B. amyloliquefaciens could efficiently grow and produce antibiotics at the same time. Together, these results suggest that high carbon resource richness allows concurrent expression of growth- and antibiosis-related traits, potentially altering bacterial competitive dynamics and plant growth promotion in microbial communities.抗生作用（antibiosis）与资源竞争是塑造微生物群落构建、多样性与功能的核心驱动因子。尽管学界已公认资源竞争易受环境条件影响，但目前尚不明确其在多大程度上由不同碳源的可获得性所介导。本研究借助模式实验室体系，通过探究碳源丰富度与碳源属性如何调控植物益生解淀粉芽孢杆菌（Bacillus amyloliquefaciens）与植物病原青枯雷尔氏菌（Ralstonia solanacearum）之间的资源竞争与抗生作用，直接验证了这一科学问题。研究结果显示，尽管糖类通常可促进解淀粉芽孢杆菌的生长，但有机酸与氨基酸却能同时提升杆菌烯（bacillaene）与巨内酯菌素（macrolactin）两种抗生素的合成量，并直接抑制青枯雷尔氏菌的生长。与之相反，当环境中存在多种不同碳源时，解淀粉芽孢杆菌可同时实现高效生长与抗生素合成。综合上述结果，本研究表明较高的碳源丰富度可使细菌同时表达与生长及抗生作用相关的性状，进而可能改变微生物群落中的细菌竞争动态与植物益生效应。