Helsinki Microclimate Simulation Demonstration

This analysis has a simulated microclimate for one block in Punavuori, Helsinki. Urban microclimate is the climate of any urban area that differs from its surrounding area. A thermal island is a microclimate created when an urban area becomes warmer than the surrounding area. The aim of the simulation of the microclimate of cities is to study urban heat island phenomena and to understand the cause and effect of the built environment and heat island phenomenon. The analysis was carried out with Solene-microclimat software. The software simulates a 3D model of microclimate components, such as air temperature, sun exposure and wind speed in a given area. The above simulation results are available in the following formats for each hour of the day on July 15th. SHP format files can be visualised in spatial data software. Environmental variables are presented in CSV format, which can be attached to 3D format files on the basis of their common variable ‘cell_ID’. VTU format files can be visualised using Paraview software. Each simulated class has its own VTU file. **The simulation results include:** — Surface temperature in degrees Celsius (°C) as a net (2D) for all surfaces of the simulation area. — Air temperature in degrees Celsius (°C), net (2D) and triangular network (3D) for all surfaces in and above the simulation area and 3D mode. The air temperature of a 2D network representing tree surfaces represents the surface temperatures of the tree leaves. — The overall thermal comfort index in degrees Celsius (°C) as a network (2D) for the area of the simulation area that does not include walls, roofs and trees of buildings. — Relative humidity in % x 100 as net (2D) on all surfaces of the simulation area. — Wind speed and direction (m/s), as triangular network (3D), for 3D mode above the simulation area. — Evaporation (mm/s) as a net (2D) on surfaces representing green areas and water bodies. Coordinate system used: ETRS-GK25 (EPSG:3879) **Vector levels:** — Air_point_SHP — Surface_trinagle — Surface_point **Other files:** — air_data_2021_07_15.csv — surface_data_2021_07_15.csv — 2D-meshes (VTU) — 3D-tetrahydron (VTU) **Atributes of vector levels and their descriptions:** — ‘Tair’: Air Temperature — ‘Tsurf’: Surface Temperature — ‘ET’: Evapotranspiration — ‘RelatHumid’: Relative Humidity — ‘UTCI’: Universal Thermal Climate Index — ‘Time’: Timestep **Other data sources:** — [3D building data] (https://hri.fi/data/fi/dataset/helsingin-3d-kaupunkimalli) — [Register] (https://hri.fi/data/fi/dataset/helsingin-kaupungin-puurekisteri) — [Register of Common Territories] (https://hri.fi/data/fi/dataset/helsingin-kaupungin-yleisten-alueiden-rekisteri) — [Helsinki surface model] (https://hri.fi/data/fi/dataset/helsingin-pintamalli) — [national surface model] (https://www.maanmittauslaitos.fi/tutkimus/teematietoa/korkeusmallit) — [target] (https://ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/) — [coverage material] (https://kartta.hel.fi/) — [Helsinki building register] (https://hri.fi/data/fi/dataset/helsingin-rakennukset) The analysis was carried out by Ecoten – Urban Comfort.本分析针对赫尔辛基蓬纳武里（Punavuori）的一处街区构建了微气候模拟模型。 城市微气候指与其周边区域气候存在差异的城市区域气候。热岛（thermal island）是指当城市区域温度高于周边区域时形成的微气候现象。开展城市微气候模拟的核心目标为研究城市热岛现象，厘清建成环境与热岛现象之间的因果关联。 本次分析采用Solene-microclimat软件完成。该软件可针对指定区域模拟微气候相关要素的三维模型，涵盖气温、日照时长与风速等指标。 本次模拟结果对应2021年7月15日逐小时的输出，包含以下多种格式： 1. SHP格式文件：可在空间数据处理软件中进行可视化展示； 2. CSV格式文件：存储环境变量数据，可通过公共变量「cell_ID」关联至三维格式文件； 3. VTU格式文件：可通过Paraview软件进行可视化，每个模拟类别对应独立的VTU文件。 **模拟结果包含以下内容：** — 模拟区域所有地表的净二维（2D）地表温度，单位为摄氏度（℃）； — 模拟区域内部及上方区域的气温数据：包含净二维（2D）与三角网格（3D）两种存储形式。其中代表树木表面的二维网格气温，对应树木叶片的表面温度； — 针对模拟区域内不含建筑墙体、屋顶与树木的区域，采用二维网格形式输出全域热舒适指数，单位为摄氏度（℃）； — 模拟区域所有地表的净二维（2D）相对湿度，以%×100的形式呈现； — 模拟区域上方三维模式下的风速与风向，单位为米/秒（m/s），采用三角网格（3D）形式存储； — 代表绿地与水体的地表的净二维（2D）蒸发量，单位为毫米/秒（mm/s）。 本次模拟采用的坐标系为ETRS-GK25（EPSG:3879）。 **矢量图层：** — Air_point_SHP — Surface_trinagle — Surface_point **附属文件：** — air_data_2021_07_15.csv — surface_data_2021_07_15.csv — 2D网格（VTU） — 3D四面体网格（VTU） **矢量图层属性及说明：** — ‘Tair’：气温（Air Temperature） — ‘Tsurf’：地表温度（Surface Temperature） — ‘ET’：蒸散发量（Evapotranspiration） — ‘RelatHumid’：相对湿度（Relative Humidity） — ‘UTCI’：通用热气候指数（Universal Thermal Climate Index） — ‘Time’：时间步长（Timestep） **其他数据源：** — [3D建筑数据](https://hri.fi/data/fi/dataset/helsingin-3d-kaupunkimalli) — [树木登记册](https://hri.fi/data/fi/dataset/helsingin-kaupungin-puurekisteri) — [公共区域登记册](https://hri.fi/data/fi/dataset/helsingin-kaupungin-yleisten-alueiden-rekisteri) — [赫尔辛基地表模型](https://hri.fi/data/fi/dataset/helsingin-pintamalli) — [国家地表模型](https://www.maanmittauslaitos.fi/tutkimus/teematietoa/korkeusmallit) — [芬兰气象研究所](https://ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/) — [底图素材](https://kartta.hel.fi/) — [赫尔辛基建筑登记册](https://hri.fi/data/fi/dataset/helsingin-rakennukset) 本次分析由Ecoten – Urban Comfort团队完成。