Data from: Young inversion with multiple linked QTLs under selection in a hybrid zone

Fixed chromosomal inversions can reduce gene flow and promote speciation in two ways: by suppressing recombination and by carrying locally favoured alleles at multiple loci. However, it is unknown whether favoured mutations slowly accumulate on older inversions or if young inversions spread because they capture pre-existing adaptive quantitative trait loci (QTLs). By genetic mapping, chromosome painting and genome sequencing, we have identified a major inversion controlling ecologically important traits in Boechera stricta. The inversion arose since the last glaciation and subsequently reached local high frequency in a hybrid speciation zone. Furthermore, the inversion shows signs of positive directional selection. To test whether the inversion could have captured existing, linked QTLs, we crossed standard, collinear haplotypes from the hybrid zone and found multiple linked phenology QTLs within the inversion region. These findings provide the first direct evidence that linked, locally adapted QTLs may be captured by young inversions during incipient speciation.已固定的染色体倒位（chromosomal inversion）可通过两种途径降低基因流并促进物种形成：一是抑制重组，二是携带多个位点上的本地适应性等位基因。然而目前尚不清楚，适应性突变是在古老倒位上缓慢积累，还是年轻倒位因捕获了预先存在的适应性数量性状位点（QTL）而得以扩散。本研究通过遗传作图、染色体涂染与基因组测序，在硬毛南芥（Boechera stricta）中鉴定出一个控制生态重要性状的大型倒位。该倒位起源于末次冰期之后，并随后在一个杂交物种形成区内达到了本地较高的频率。此外，该倒位表现出正向定向选择的信号。为验证该倒位是否能够捕获已存在的连锁QTL，本研究将杂交物种形成区的标准共线单倍型进行杂交，并在倒位区域内发现了多个连锁的物候QTL。本研究结果首次直接证明，在初期物种形成过程中，年轻倒位可捕获连锁的本地适应性QTL。