Decoding the locational information in the orb web vibrations of Araneus diadematus and Zygiella x-notata

A spider's web is a multifunctional structure that captures prey and provides an information platform that transmits vibrational information. Many physical factors interact to influence web vibration and information content, from vibration source properties and input location, to web physical properties and geometry. The aim of the study was to test whether orb web vibration contains information about the location of the source of vibration. We used finite-element analysis model webs to control and vary major physical factors, investigating webs where spiders use a direct or remote monitoring strategy. When monitoring with eight sensors (legs) at the web centre, a comparison of longitudinal and transverse wave amplitude between the sensors gave sufficient information to determine source direction and distance, respectively. These localization cues were robust to changes in source amplitude, input angle and location, with increased accuracy at lower source amplitudes. When remotely monit...蛛网是一种兼具多重功能的结构：既可用于捕获猎物，同时也是传递振动信息的信息平台。诸多物理因素相互作用，共同影响蛛网的振动特性与信息承载量，涵盖振动源属性、振动输入位置，乃至蛛网自身的物理特性与几何结构。本研究旨在验证圆形蛛网的振动是否携带有关于振动源位置的相关信息。本研究采用基于有限元分析（finite-element analysis）的蛛网模型，对核心物理因素进行调控与变量设置，以此模拟蜘蛛采用直接监测或远程监测策略时的蛛网场景。当以蛛网中心的8个传感器（即蜘蛛的步足）进行监测时，对比各传感器间的纵波与横波振幅，可分别获取足够的信息以确定振动源的方向与距离。此类定位线索对振动源振幅、输入角度与位置的变化均具备鲁棒性，且在振动源振幅较低时，定位精度有所提升。当采用远程监测时……