Effect of soil classes and climatic conditions on the productive characteristics and composition of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes

Abstract Grapevines can be grown in different soil classes and climatic conditions. However, the effect of these variables on grapevine and grape composition is complex. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of soil classes and climatic conditions on productive and physico-chemical characteristics and phenolic compounds of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes. The experiment was carried out in São Joaquim (SC), located on the Southern Plateau of Santa Catarina. Cabernet Sauvignon variety was analyzed in three soils (Dystrudepts, Humudepts and Rhodudalfs) and two harvests (2015 and 2016). The climatic variables analyzed were rainfall, insolation and average, maximum and minimum temperatures. Soil physical-chemical attributes, productive and physico-chemical characteristics and phenolic compounds of grapes were analyzed. Both soil class and harvests had significant effect on productive and physico-chemical characteristics and phenolic compounds of grapes. Soil was more important for productive characteristics and phenolic compounds, while meteorological conditions were more important for the physico-chemical characteristics of grapes. Productive characteristics and grape composition were more adequate to wine production in the 2016 harvest and in Rhodudalfs and Dystrudepts soil classes.摘要 葡萄藤可在多种土壤类型与气候条件下栽培。然而，上述变量对葡萄植株及葡萄果实组成的影响机制较为复杂。本研究旨在评估土壤类型与气候条件对赤霞珠（Cabernet Sauvignon）葡萄的产量性状、理化特性及酚类物质的影响。试验设于圣卡塔琳娜州南部高原的圣若阿金（SC）地区。本研究针对三种土壤类型——弱发育湿润始成土（Dystrudepts）、腐殖质湿润始成土（Humudepts）与红化湿润老成土（Rhodudalfs），以及两个采收年份（2015年与2016年）的赤霞珠葡萄开展分析。研究所涉及的气候变量包括降雨量、日照时数以及平均气温、最高气温与最低气温。研究测定了土壤理化属性、葡萄的产量性状、理化特性及酚类物质含量。结果表明，土壤类型与采收年份均对葡萄的产量性状、理化特性及酚类物质含量存在显著影响。其中，土壤类型对葡萄产量性状与酚类物质的影响更为显著，而气象条件则对葡萄理化特性的影响占主导地位。2016年采收的葡萄，以及种植于红化湿润老成土（Rhodudalfs）与弱发育湿润始成土（Dystrudepts）中的葡萄，其产量性状与果实组成更适配葡萄酒酿造生产。