Data from: Tales from the crypt: a parasitoid manipulates the behaviour of its parasite host

There are many examples of apparent manipulation of host phenotype by parasites, yet few examples of hypermanipulation—where a phenotype-manipulating parasite is itself manipulated by a parasite. Moreover, few studies confirm manipulation is occurring by quantifying whether the host's changed phenotype increases parasite fitness. Here we describe a novel case of hypermanipulation, in which the crypt gall wasp Bassettia pallida (a phenotypic manipulator of its tree host) is manipulated by the parasitoid crypt-keeper wasp Euderus set, and show that the host's changed behaviour increases parasitoid fitness. Bassettia pallida parasitizes sand live oaks and induces the formation of a ‘crypt’ within developing stems. When parasitized by E. set, B. pallida adults excavate an emergence hole in the crypt wall, plug the hole with their head and die. We show experimentally that this phenomenon benefits E. set, as E. set that need to excavate an emergence hole themselves are about three times more likely to die trapped in the crypt. In addition, we discuss museum and field data to explore the distribution of the crypt-keeping phenomena.已有诸多寄生虫操控宿主表型的明确案例，但关于超操控（hypermanipulation）——即被操控表型的寄生虫自身又被另一寄生虫操控——的案例却寥寥无几。此外，鲜有研究通过量化宿主改变的表型是否提升了寄生虫的适合度，来证实操控现象确实存在。在此我们报道了一例全新的超操控案例：隐瘿蜂（crypt gall wasp）*Bassettia pallida*（其可操控宿主树木的表型）被寄生性隐栖蜂（parasitoid crypt-keeper wasp）*Euderus set*操控，并证实宿主的行为改变提升了该寄生蜂的适合度。*Bassettia pallida*寄生于沙生活栎，并在宿主发育中的茎干内诱导形成“隐室”。当被*E. set*寄生后，成虫会在隐室壁上挖掘出羽化孔，并用头部封堵该孔后死亡。我们通过实验证实，该现象对*E. set*有益：需自行挖掘羽化孔的*E. set*个体，其被困于隐室并死亡的概率约高出三倍。此外，我们还结合馆藏标本数据与野外调查数据，探讨了隐栖操控现象的分布情况。