Population genomics of the introduced and cultivated Pacific kelp Undaria pinnatifida: marinas — not farms — drive regional connectivity and establishment in natural rocky reefs

Ports and farms are well-known primary introduction hotspots for marine non-indigenous species (NIS). The extent to which these anthropogenic habitats are sustainable sources of propagules and influence the evolution of NIS in natural habitats was examined in the edible seaweed Undaria pinnatifida, native to Asia and introduced to Europe in the 1970s. Following its deliberate introduction 40 years ago along the French coast of the English Channel, this kelp is found in three contrasting habitat types: farms, marinas, and natural rocky reefs. In light of the continuous spread of this NIS, it is imperative to better understand the processes behind its sustainable establishment in the wild. In addition, developing effective management plans to curtail the spread of U. pinnatifida requires determining how the three types of populations interact with one another. In addition to an analysis using microsatellites, we developed, for the first time in a kelp, a ddRAD-sequencing technique to geno...港口与养殖场均为海洋外来非本土物种（non-indigenous species, NIS）的核心引入热点区域，这一现象已被学界广泛证实。本研究以原产于亚洲、20世纪70年代被引入欧洲的食用海藻裙带菜（Undaria pinnatifida）为研究对象，探究了这类人为栖息地作为繁殖体可持续来源的能力，及其对自然生境中NIS演化进程的影响程度。该褐藻于40年前被人为引种至英吉利海峡沿岸法国海域，目前已在三类差异显著的生境中被发现：养殖区、游艇码头与自然岩礁。鉴于该外来物种的持续扩散，深入解析其野外可持续定殖的内在机制已成为当务之急。此外，若要制定有效管理方案以遏制裙带菜（U. pinnatifida）的扩散，需明确三类种群间的相互作用模式。除采用微卫星（microsatellites）标记开展分析外，本研究还首次在褐藻中开发了ddRAD-sequencing技术以完成基因分型……