Integrating human trail use in montane landscapes reveals larger zones of human influence for wary carnivores

Coexistence between humans and wildlife is necessary for many conservation goals but is difficult to achieve in landscapes with increasing human populations and species that are often wary of people and may also threaten human safety. In these contexts, coexistence may be enhanced by identifying geographic areas where animal movement is particularly important and changes to human use via trail design could support both wildlife conservation and human safety. We used camera trap data to monitor the spatial distribution of grizzly bears (Ursus arctos), gray wolves (Canis lupus), and humans within the central Canadian Rocky Mountains, where anthropogenic development and human activity have gradually encroached on limited wildlife habitat. We quantified spatial variation in human use, and then incorporated this output into models for the detection rates of bears and wolves. We interpolated metrics of human use throughout the study area using inverse distance weighted averages of human dete..., , , # Integrating human trail use in montane landscapes reveals larger zones of human influence for wary carnivores [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.s7h44j1h8](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.s7h44j1h8) ## Description of the data and file structure This Dryad repository contains all data necessary to replicate the analyses conducted by Thompson et al. (2024)* Journal of Applied Ecology*. These data were acquired through a decade-long study that involved deploying over 1,000 remote cameras that photographed wildlife and humans passing in front of them. Camera images were processed by countless volunteers and Parks staff. ### Files and variables #### File: spatial-zoi.zip **Description:** This ZIP file contains the following files: * `human_detections_SAMPLE.csv`: CSV file containing all detections of human recreationalists from a subset of cameras in our study area. Column headings: * t: time of observation (in days) * rec_type: type of recreation associated with each observation; no...人类与野生动物的共存是诸多保护目标达成的必要前提，但在人口持续扩张、野生动物对人类普遍保持警觉且可能威胁人类安全的景观中，实现此类共存颇具挑战。在此类场景下，若能明确动物迁移活动尤为关键的地理区域，并通过步道设计优化人类活动模式，便可同时兼顾野生动物保护与人类安全，进而推动人与野生动物的和谐共存。 本研究借助相机陷阱（camera trap）数据，对加拿大落基山脉中部区域的灰熊（*Ursus arctos*）、灰狼（*Canis lupus*）以及人类的空间分布开展监测——该区域受人为开发与人类活动的持续侵蚀，野生动物栖息地已日渐缩减。研究团队量化了人类活动利用的空间异质性，并将该结果纳入灰熊与灰狼的检测率模型中。此外，本研究通过人类活动检测数据的反距离加权平均值，对整个研究区域的人类活动利用指标进行了空间插值…… # 山地景观中整合人类步道使用数据可揭示警觉性食肉动物受人类影响的更大范围 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.s7h44j1h8](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.s7h44j1h8) ## 数据与文件结构说明 本Dryad数据集仓库包含了复现Thompson等人（2024）发表于*《应用生态学杂志》*的分析所需的全部数据。这些数据源自一项长达十年的研究：研究团队在研究区域布设了超1000台远程相机，用于拍摄途经的野生动物与人类，后续由大量志愿者与公园工作人员完成了相机影像的标注与处理工作。 ### 文件与变量 #### 文件：spatial-zoi.zip **文件说明：** 该压缩包包含以下文件： * `human_detections_SAMPLE.csv`：该CSV文件包含研究区域部分相机拍摄到的人类休闲活动者的全部检测记录，字段信息如下： * t：观测时间（单位：天） * rec_type：每次观测对应的休闲活动类型；无……