More than breathing air: evolution and physiology of amphibious fishes

Amphibious fishes are typically considered together with aquatic air-breathers, but we argue that these fishes differ in physiology, ecology, and possibly evolutionary origins. We introduce a scoring system to characterize interspecific variation in amphibiousness, and use this system to highlight important unanswered questions about the evolutionary physiology of amphibious fishes.两栖鱼类（Amphibious fishes）通常被视作与水生空气呼吸生物（aquatic air-breathers）同类，但本文主张二者在生理学、生态学乃至演化起源方面均存在差异。我们提出一套评分体系以刻画两栖性的种间变异，并利用该体系阐明两栖鱼类演化生理学领域尚未解决的重要科学问题。