Sexual Dimorphism of Circadian Liver Transcriptome

Sexual dimorphism affects various aspects of physiology, metabolism and longevity. Circadian clock is a master regulator of metabolism. Anti-aging dietary interventions reprogram circadian transcriptome in the liver and other tissues but little is known on sexual dimorphism of circadian transcriptome. We compared circadian transcriptomes in the liver of male and female mice on ad libitum (AL) and 30% caloric restriction (CR) diets. We found that control female mice had a larger number of oscillating genes than male mice and the portion of the transcriptome with sex-specific rhythms displayed phase difference. We found that CR increased the number of oscillating genes in both sexes and strongly synchronized the transcriptome without complete elimination of sex dimorphism in rhythms. Sex also had an effect on the response of the rhythms to CR. Gene ontology analysis revealed sex-specific signatures in metabolic pathways, which suggests a complex interaction of sex, circadian rhythms and diet. The file contains physiological, normalized and unnormalized protein and transcriptomic data pertaining to this article.性二态性（Sexual dimorphism）会影响生理、代谢与寿命的诸多方面。昼夜节律时钟（Circadian clock）是代谢的核心调控因子。抗衰老饮食干预可重塑肝脏及其他组织的昼夜节律转录组（circadian transcriptome），但目前针对昼夜节律转录组的性二态性的研究仍较为匮乏。本研究对比了随意进食（ad libitum, AL）与30%热量限制（caloric restriction, CR）饮食下，雌雄小鼠肝脏中的昼夜节律转录组。研究发现，对照组雌性小鼠的振荡基因（oscillating genes）数量多于雄性小鼠，且带有性别特异性节律的转录组片段存在相位差异。本研究还发现，热量限制可提升雌雄小鼠的振荡基因数量，并显著同步其转录组，且并未完全消除节律中的性别二态性。性别同样会影响节律对热量限制的响应。基因本体论（Gene Ontology, GO）分析显示，代谢通路中存在性别特异性特征，这表明性别、昼夜节律与饮食三者之间存在复杂的相互作用。本数据集包含与本文相关的生理数据、标准化与非标准化蛋白质组及转录组数据。