Data from: Convergent evolution of phenotypic integration and its alignment with morphological diversification in Carribean Anolis ecomorphs

The adaptive landscape and the G-matrix are keys concepts for understanding how quantitative characters evolve during adaptive radiation. In particular, whether the adaptive landscape can drive convergence of phenotypic integration (i.e., the pattern of phenotypic variation and covariation summarized in the P-matrix) is not well studied. We estimated and compared P for 19 morphological traits in eight species of Caribbean Anolis lizards, finding that similarity in P among species was not correlated with phylogenetic distance. However, greater similarity in P among ecologically similar Anolis species (i.e., the trunk-ground ecomorph) suggests the role of convergent natural selection. Despite this convergence and relatively deep phylogenetic divergence, a large portion of eigenstructure of P is retained among our 8 focal species. We also analyzed P as an approximation of G to test for correspondence with the pattern of phenotypic divergence in 21 Caribbean Anolis species. These patterns of covariation were coincident, suggesting that either genetic constraint has influenced the pattern of among-species divergence or, alternatively, that the adaptive landscape has influenced both G and the pattern of phenotypic divergence among species. We provide evidence for convergent evolution of phenotypic integration for one class of Anolis ecomorph, revealing yet another important dimension of evolutionary convergence in this group.适应性景观（adaptive landscape）与G矩阵（G-matrix）是解析数量性状在适应辐射过程中演化规律的核心概念。具体而言，适应性景观能否推动表型整合（phenotypic integration）的趋同演化——即由P矩阵（P-matrix）所概括的表型变异与协变异模式，目前尚未得到充分研究。 本研究对8种加勒比安乐蜥（Caribbean Anolis lizards）的19个形态性状的P矩阵进行了估算与比较，发现物种间P矩阵的相似性与系统发育距离并无关联。但生态位相似的安乐蜥物种（即树干-地面生态型（trunk-ground ecomorph））之间的P矩阵相似性更高，这提示趋同自然选择发挥了作用。尽管存在此类趋同现象且物种间系统发育分化较深，但本次研究的8个目标物种的P矩阵仍保留了大部分特征结构（eigenstructure）。 本研究还以P矩阵作为G矩阵的近似替代，对21种加勒比安乐蜥的表型分化模式开展了对应性检验。两类协变异模式高度吻合，这表明要么是遗传约束（genetic constraint）影响了物种间的分化模式，要么是适应性景观同时对G矩阵以及物种间的表型分化模式产生了作用。本研究为一类安乐蜥生态型的表型整合趋同演化提供了实证依据，进一步揭示了该类群演化趋同的又一重要维度。