National Emissions Inventory (NEI)

The National Emissions Inventory (NEI) reports detailed, comprehensive estimates of air emissions for criteria pollutants, criteria precursors, and hazardous air pollutants every three years (e.g., 2011, 2014, 2017, and 2020). The majority of the data are submitted by State, Local, and Tribal air agencies using the EPA Emissions Inventory System. These data may also be supplemented by EPA-estimates using data from sources such as the Toxic Release Inventory and other programs. The key elements reported in NEI include sources, pollutants, geographic, temporal, and emissions components that represent emissions estimates from four primary source categories: Point (large sources located at a fixed, stationary location, e.g., industrial facilities and electric power plants); Nonpoint (sources too small to report as point sources, e.g., residential heating, commercial combustion); Onroad (on road gasoline, diesel, and other fueled vehicles); and Nonroad (off-road mobile sources that use gasoline, diesel, and other fuels, e.g., equipment for construction, lawn and garden, and aircraft ground support). Starting in 2020, wild land fire emission estimates are being aggregated to annual and county levels and included as nonpoint source data. An NEI Exploration tool is available to help users examine and retrieve data of interest.国家排放清单（National Emissions Inventory, NEI）每三年发布一次针对常规空气污染物、常规污染物前体物及有毒空气污染物的详尽全面的空气排放估算报告，示例报告年份包括2011、2014、2017及2020年。 该数据集的绝大多数数据由州、地方及部落空气管理机构通过美国环境保护署（Environmental Protection Agency, EPA）排放清单系统提交。此外，这些数据还可通过EPA基于有毒物质释放清单（Toxic Release Inventory）及其他项目的数据生成的估算值进行补充完善。 国家排放清单所报告的核心要素包括排放源、污染物、地理分布、时间分布及排放构成，涵盖四大类主要排放源的排放估算：固定源（位于固定静止场地的大型排放源，例如工业设施与发电厂）；面源（规模过小无法归类为固定源的排放源，例如住宅供暖、商业燃烧活动）；道路移动源（使用汽油、柴油及其他燃料的道路行驶车辆）；非道路移动源（使用汽油、柴油及其他燃料的非道路移动设备，例如建筑设备、园林园艺设备及飞机地面保障设备）。 自2020年起，野火排放估算值已开始被汇总至年度及县级尺度，并作为面源数据纳入清单。官方还提供国家排放清单探索工具，以协助用户查询并获取所需数据。