臺灣地區林木長喙殼菌之研究及防治(3/4) The study and management of ophiostomatoid fungi in Taiwan
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長喙殼菌(Ophiostomatoid fungi)為森林中廣泛存在的真菌種類,藉由小蠹蟲傳播,感染健康樹木、衰弱木或風折木,部份種類甚至可造成維管束萎凋(vascular wilt)、藍染(blue stain)或林木根莖部之危害,造成樹木死亡或降低木材品質。本年度於高雄六龜及台北信賢苗圃設置誘引器,定期監測森中小蠹蟲的種類及族群數量,並增加美國樟科植物萎凋病之媒介小蠹蟲Xyleborus glabratus的專一性誘引劑,çubebe oil,以了解台灣森林中X. glabratus的族群變化情形。此外,針對已分離的長喙殼菌Ambrosiella屬完成形態鑑定及分子序列分析(包含ITS、TEF1-α和RPB1序列),共鑑定出5種Ambrosiella spp.,分別為Ambrosiella nakashimae、 A. beaveri、A. roeperi、A. grosmanniae和A. catenulata,其中,A. catenulata為本研究發現的新種。 Ophiostomatoid fungi are popular in the forest and they could be carried to dispersal by ambrosia or bark beetles. Some species of ophiostomatoid fungi could cause vascular wilt, blue stain or diseases of stems or roots in the forest. Besides, they also lower the quality of wood to utilize. In this year, we set several traps for monitoring the species and population of Scolytinae beetles in Liouquei (Kaohsiung) and Xinxian (Taipei) forests. Besides, we also used the specific lure of Xyleborus glabratus, cubeb oil, to monitor the population of X. glabratus, the vector of American laurel wilt, in Taiwan’s forest. In the other hand, we had identified 5 Ambrosiella species including Ambrosiella nakashimae, A. beaveri, A. roeperi, A. grosmanniae and A. catenulata sp. nov. according to fungal morphology and DNA analysis of ITS、TEF1-αand RPB1 sequences. Among them, A. catenulata was new species in the world.
长喙壳菌(Ophiostomatoid fungi)是森林中广泛分布的真菌类群,借助小蠹虫(Scolytinae)进行传播,可侵染健康林木、衰弱木或风折木;部分类群可引发维管束萎凋(vascular wilt)、蓝变(blue stain)或林木根茎部病害,导致树木死亡或降低木材利用品质。本研究年度内,团队于高雄六龟与台北信贤苗圃布设诱捕器,定期监测森林中小蠹虫的物种组成与种群数量,并增设美国樟科植物萎凋病媒介小蠹虫Xyleborus glabratus的专一性诱剂——荜澄茄油(cubeb oil),以探明台湾地区森林中X. glabratus的种群动态变化。此外,研究团队对已分离获得的喙枝孢霉属(Ambrosiella)长喙壳菌完成了形态学鉴定与分子序列分析,分析区域涵盖内部转录间隔区(ITS)、翻译延伸因子1-α(TEF1-α)及RNA聚合酶II最大亚基(RPB1)序列,共鉴定出5种喙枝孢霉属真菌,分别为中村喙枝孢霉(Ambrosiella nakashimae)、比弗喙枝孢霉(A. beaveri)、勒佩尔喙枝孢霉(A. roeperi)、格罗斯曼喙枝孢霉(A. grosmanniae)以及链状喙枝孢霉(A. catenulata),其中A. catenulata为本研究发现的全球新种。



