Vertical profiles of environmental parameters measured from physical, optical and imaging sensors during station TARA_044 of the Tara Oceans expedition 2009-2013

The Tara Oceans Expedition (2009-2013) sampled the world oceans on board a 36 m long schooner, collecting environmental data and organisms from viruses to planktonic metazoans for later analyses using modern sequencing and state-of-the-art imaging technologies. Tara Oceans Data are particularly suited to study the genetic, morphological and functional diversity of plankton. The present data set includes properties of seawater, particulate matter and dissolved matter from physical, optical and imaging sensors mounted on a vertical sampling system (Rosette) used during the 2009-2013 tara Oceans Expedition. It comprised 2 pairs of conductivity and temperature sensors (SEABIRD components), and a complete set of WEtLabs optical sensors, including chrorophyll and CDOM fluorometers, a 25 cm transmissiometer, and a one-wavelength backscatter meter. In addition, a SATLANTIC ISUS nitrate sensor and a Hydroptic Underwater Vision Profiler (UVP) were mounted on the rosette. In the Arctic Ocean and Arctic Seas (2013), a second oxygen sensor (SBE43) and a four frequency Aquascat acoustic profiler were added. The system was powered on specific Li-Ion batteries and data were self-recorded at 24HZ. Sensors have all been factory calibrated before, during and after the four year program. Oxygen was validated using climatologies (WOA09). Nitrate and Fluorescence data were adjusted with discrete measurements from Niskin bottles mounted on the Rosette, and optical darks were performed monthly on board. A total of 839 quality checked vertical profiles were made during the tara Oceans expedition 2009-2013.塔拉海洋科考项目（Tara Oceans Expedition）于2009-2013年间，搭乘一艘36米长的纵帆船开展全球海洋采样工作，收集了从病毒到浮游后生动物的各类生物与环境数据，以供后续借助现代测序技术与前沿成像技术开展分析研究。 塔拉海洋数据集尤其适用于研究浮游生物的遗传多样性、形态多样性与功能多样性。本数据集涵盖2009-2013年塔拉海洋科考期间，搭载于垂直采样系统（采水器Rosette）的物理、光学及成像传感器所获取的海水、颗粒物与溶解物相关参数。 该系统搭载了2组电导率-温度传感器（SEABIRD组件），以及全套WET Labs光学传感器，涵盖叶绿素荧光计、有色溶解有机物（CDOM）荧光计、25厘米透射仪与单波长后向散射仪。此外，采水器还搭载了SATLANTIC ISUS硝酸盐传感器，以及Hydroptic公司的水下视觉剖面仪（Underwater Vision Profiler, UVP）。 2013年在北冰洋与北极海域的科考作业中，额外加装了第二台氧气传感器（SBE43）与四频Aquascat声学剖面仪。整套系统采用专用锂离子（Li-Ion）电池供电，数据以24赫兹的频率自主记录。 所有传感器均在四年科考项目的前期、中期与后期完成了工厂校准。氧气浓度数据通过世界海洋气候学数据集2009（WOA09）进行了有效性验证；硝酸盐与荧光数据则通过采水器上搭载的尼斯金（Niskin）采水器获取的离散测量值进行校正，且每月在科考船上开展光学暗场校准。 2009-2013年塔拉海洋科考期间，共计完成了839份经过质量校验的垂直剖面数据。