Data from: Primates and their pinworm parasites: the Cameron hypothesis revisited

A morphologically based cladistic analysis of the Enterobiinae, which includes most of the Oxyuridae parasitic in Primates, allows a reevaluation of the Cameron's hypothesis of close coevolution with cospeciation between hosts and parasites. Each of the three genera separated in the Enterobiinae fits with one of the suborders defined in Primates: Lemuricola with the Strepsirhini, Trypanoxyuris with the Platyrrhini, and Enterobius with the Catarrhini. Inside each of the three main groups, the subdivisions observed in the parasite tree also fit with many of the subdivisions generally accepted within the Primate order. These results confirm the subgroups previously described in the subfamily and support Cameron's hypothesis in its aspect of association by descent. Although the classification of the Enterobiinae generally closely underlines the classification of Primates, several discordances also are observed. These are discussed case by case, with use of computed reconstruction scenarios. Given that the occurrences of the same pinworm species as a parasite for several congeneric host species is not the generalized pattern, and given that several occurrences also are observed in which the speciations of the parasites describe a more complex network, Cameron's hypothesis of a slower rhythm of speciation in the parasites can be considered partly refuted. The presence of two genera parasitic on squirrels in a family that contains primarily primate parasites also is discussed. The cladistic analysis does not support close relationships between the squirrel parasites and suggests an early separation from the Enterobiinae for the first (Xeroxyuris), and a tardy host-switching from the Platyrrhini to the squirrels for the second (Rodentoxyuris).本研究针对蛲虫亚科（Enterobiinae）开展基于形态学特征的支序分类分析，该类群涵盖绝大多数寄生于灵长目（Primates）的尖尾科（Oxyuridae）物种，借此可重新评估卡梅伦提出的"宿主与寄生虫间存在紧密协同演化并伴随协同成种"的假说。 蛲虫亚科中划分出的3个属，分别对应灵长目下的3个亚目：Lemuricola属对应原猴亚目（Strepsirhini），Trypanoxyuris属对应阔鼻猴亚目（Platyrrhini），蛲虫属（Enterobius）对应狭鼻猴亚目（Catarrhini）。在这3个主要类群内部，寄生虫支序树上观察到的亚分支结构，也与灵长目目前普遍认可的诸多亚分类单元高度契合。 本研究结果验证了该亚科此前已报道的亚类群，并支持卡梅伦假说中"通过演化关联形成宿主-寄生虫对应关系"的核心论点。尽管蛲虫亚科的分类体系整体与灵长目分类高度吻合，但仍存在若干不一致之处。本研究结合计算重建的演化场景，对这些不一致之处逐一展开讨论。 鉴于同一蛲虫物种寄生于多个同属宿主的情况并非普遍模式，且部分案例中寄生虫的成种过程呈现更为复杂的网状结构，卡梅伦提出的"寄生虫成种速率较慢"假说可被认为部分被推翻。本研究同时讨论了"在以灵长目寄生虫为主的类群中，存在2个寄生于松鼠的属"这一特殊现象。 支序分类分析显示，寄生于松鼠的蛲虫类群与蛲虫亚科其他类群并无紧密亲缘关系：第一个属Xeroxyuris早在演化早期便从蛲虫亚科中分化出来，而第二个属Rodentoxyuris则是较晚时期从阔鼻猴亚目类群切换宿主至松鼠的。