Risso' s dolphins plan foraging dives

Humans remember the past and use that information to plan future actions. Lab experiments that test memory for the location of food show that animals have a similar capability to act in anticipation of future needs, but less work has been done on animals foraging in the wild. We hypothesized that planning abilities are critical and common in breath-hold divers who adjust each dive to forage on prey varying in quality, location, and predictability within constraints of limited oxygen availability. We equipped Risso &' s dolphins with sound-and-motion-recording tags to reveal where they focus their attention through their externally observable echolocation and how they fine-tune search strategies in response to expected and observed prey distribution. The dolphins &' information was integrated with synoptic prey data obtained from echosounders on an underwater vehicle. At the start of the dives, whales adjusted their echolocation inspection ranges in ways that suggest planning to ...人类能够铭记过往经验，并依托这些信息规划未来行动。通过测试食物位置记忆的实验室实验可知，动物同样具备为满足未来需求而预先行动的能力，但针对野生觅食动物的相关研究仍较为匮乏。我们提出假设：在受限于氧气储备有限的前提下，需调整每次潜水以捕食质量、位置与可预测性各不相同的猎物的屏气潜水型海洋动物中，规划能力至关重要且普遍存在。我们为里氏海豚（Risso's dolphins）佩戴了声动记录标签（sound-and-motion-recording tags），通过其可被外部观测到的回声定位（echolocation）行为，解析其注意力聚焦区域，并探究它们如何根据预期及实测的猎物分布情况微调搜索策略。我们将海豚的相关数据与从水下运载器的回声测深仪（echosounders）获取的同步猎物观测数据进行整合。在潜水初始阶段，海豚调整了其回声定位的探测范围，其调整模式暗示其存在规划行为以……