Suspended Education in California

Suspended Education in California Authors: By Daniel J. Losen, Tia Martinez and Jon Gillespie Date Published: April 10, 2012 This report and companion spreadsheet covering nearly 500 districts reveals to the public the unusually high levels of risk for suspension as well as the stark differences in discipline when these risks are presented by race, gender and disability status. Related Documents Attached file Report: Suspended Education in California Attached file Spreadsheet: Suspension Risk in California Districts Attached file Spreadsheet Instructions Suspended Education in California The Civil Rights Project has been examining out-of-school suspensions since 1999 due to concerns about the frequency of suspensions, observed racial disparities in their systemic use and the possible negative impact, especially for children of color. Most important, a robust study of school discipline by the Council of State Governments tracked every middle school student in Texas over 6 years and has helped educators crystalize what the evidence has always suggested: that the frequent use of out-of-school suspensions has no academic benefits, is strongly associated with low achievement, a heightened risk for dropping out and a greater likelihood of juvenile justice involvement. If suspending a student out-of-school for minor infractions is a counterproductive educational response, logic dictates that it should be reserved as a measure of last resort. Unfortunately, education policy makers and parents are not fully aware of just how many students are at risk for being suspended. For the first time, this report and companion spreadsheet covering nearly 500 districts reveals to the public the unusually high levels of risk for suspension as well as the stark differences in discipline when these risks are presented by race, gender and disability status. The alarming findings suggest not only a hidden crisis for many historically disadvantaged subgroups in too many districts but also a widespread need to reform discipline policy for California’s public schools. Data released from the Office for Civil Rights (OCR) at the US Department of Education revealed that more than 400,000 students were suspended out-of-school at least one time during the 2009-10 school year in California. That’s enough students suspended out-of-school to fill every seat in all the professional baseball and football stadiums in the state, with no guarantee of any adult supervision. OCR collected data from districts on the number of students who were suspended just once during the year and the number suspended more than once. The analysis in this report combined these two mutually exclusive categories in order to report the number of students suspended one or more times as a percentage of their total enrollment. We describe this percentage throughout this report as the “risk” for suspension...《加州校外停课现状》 作者：丹尼尔·J·洛森（Daniel J. Losen）、蒂亚·马丁内斯（Tia Martinez）、乔恩·吉莱斯皮（Jon Gillespie） 发布日期：2012年4月10日 本报告及配套电子表格覆盖近500个学区，向公众披露了异常偏高的停课风险水平，以及按种族、性别与残疾身份划分的惩戒措施显著差异。 ### 相关文件 附件：报告《加州校外停课现状》 附件：电子表格《加州学区停课风险》 附件：《加州校外停课现状》电子表格使用说明 民权项目（Civil Rights Project）自1999年起便持续关注校外停课（out-of-school suspensions）问题，起因是人们对停课频发、该措施在系统性使用中存在种族差异，以及其可能产生的负面影响（尤其是对少数族裔儿童）的担忧。 尤为关键的是，州政府理事会（Council of State Governments）开展的一项全面校园惩戒研究，对德克萨斯州所有中学生进行了长达6年的追踪，帮助教育工作者明确了过往证据始终指向的结论：频繁使用校外停课对学生学业毫无益处，且与学业成绩低下、辍学风险升高以及卷入青少年司法程序的概率上升密切相关。 若因学生轻微违规对其实施校外停课是一种适得其反的教育举措，那么从逻辑上讲，该措施应仅作为最后手段使用。 遗憾的是，教育政策制定者与家长并未充分意识到，究竟有多少学生面临停课风险。 本报告及配套电子表格首次覆盖近500个学区，向公众披露了异常偏高的停课风险水平，以及按种族、性别与残疾身份划分的惩戒措施显著差异。 这些令人警醒的研究结果不仅表明，众多学区内诸多长期处于弱势地位的群体正面临隐性危机，也凸显出加州公立学校亟需全面改革校园惩戒政策。 美国教育部民权办公室（Office for Civil Rights, OCR）公布的数据显示，2009-2010学年，加州共有超过40万名学生至少被校外停课一次。 该停课人数足以填满加州所有职业棒球与橄榄球体育场的全部座位，且这些学生无法获得任何成人监管。 民权办公室从各学区收集了学年内仅被停课一次与多次被停课的学生人数数据。 本报告中的分析将这两个互斥类别合并，以被停课一次及以上的学生人数占总入学人数的比例进行统计。 本报告全程将该比例称为停课“风险”……