Advances in the study of the role of exosomal miRNAs in the diagnosis of autoimmune diseases

Extracellular vesicles are vesicles released by various types of cells and are important extracellular molecules that affect the biological functions of cells by transmitting relevant signals to receptors on target cells. As a type of vesicle containing extracellular vesicles, miRNA plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, becoming a diagnostic biomarker and potential target for treatment. In recent years, extracellular vesicle miRNA has become one of the research hotspots in clinical practice. This article summarized the diagnostic and therapeutic role of exocrine miRNA in some autoimmune diseases, including autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), type 1 diabetes (T1DM), myasthenia gravis (MG), ulcerative colitis (UC), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic sclerosis (SSc), providing theoretical basis for the clinical application of exocrine miRNA.