Multilocus evidence provides insight into the demographic history and asymmetrical gene flow between Ostrinia furnacalis and Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in the Yili area, Xinjiang, China

Tianshan Mountain provides a model for studying biological evolution and speciation. Here we assess the evolutionary history of the Ostrinia furnacalis and Ostrinia nubilalis, which are sympatric in the Yili River Valley in Xinjiang, China. Our study is based on the historical gene flow analyses of two species by using three mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA, COI & COII & Cytb) and four nuclear DNA (nuDNA, EF-1α & Wingless & RPS5 & CAD) markers obtained from representatives of HC (Huocheng), YN (Yining), XY (Xinyuan) and MNS (Manasi). Our results reveal that there is a strong asymmetrical gene flow pattern between the four populations. The population migratory pathways between these different populations show inflow into HC and YN, outflow from XY, and that MNS maintained a flow balance. Bayesian divergence time dating based on the COI gene suggest the genetic divergence between the two species in this area may have occurred in the late-Pleistocene (0.003–0.0127 Mya). Neutr...天山为生物演化与物种形成研究提供了理想的天然模型。本研究聚焦于在中国新疆伊犁河谷同域分布的亚洲玉米螟（Ostrinia furnacalis）与欧洲玉米螟（Ostrinia nubilalis），解析二者的演化历史。本研究基于两个物种的历史基因流分析，采用采自霍城（HC）、伊宁（YN）、新源（XY）及玛纳斯（MNS）四个种群的样本，使用3个线粒体DNA（mitochondrial DNA，缩写mtDNA）标记（COI、COII及Cytb）与4个核DNA（nuclear DNA，缩写nuDNA）标记（EF-1α、Wingless、RPS5及CAD）开展相关分析。研究结果显示，四个种群间存在显著的不对称基因流模式：不同种群的基因迁移通路呈现出向霍城与伊宁种群的基因流入、从新源种群的基因流出，而玛纳斯种群则维持了基因流平衡。基于COI基因的贝叶斯分化时间估算结果表明，该区域内两个物种的遗传分化可能发生在更新世晚期（0.003~0.0127百万年前）。Neutr...