Replication Data for: Policy Networks Across Political Systems

Polities shape power structures and interaction patterns between actors in policymaking processes. Although the social fabric of interactions is key to successful policymaking, it remains unclear which relational structures are typically found across political systems. By adopting a network approach, we analyze differences in power structures and interac- tion patterns across four policy networks in German and Swiss consensual-federal, French majoritarian-unitary, and hybrid Dutch consensual-unitary democracies. Using survey data from 149 state and non-state actors, we fit exponential random graph models and calcu- late predicted probabilities to compare the four networks. Results show that the consen- sus democracies institutionalize neighborhoods of networks where actors share power and collaborate with opponents. Our case of a majoritarian democracy illustrates power con- centration with restricted access to competitors, limiting the need to interact and search for compromises with opponents. Findings allow future work to differentiate typical from atypical network structures, given the embeddedness into a political system.政治体制塑造政策制定进程中行动者之间的权力结构与互动模式。尽管互动的社会脉络是政策制定取得成功的关键，但目前仍不明确各类政治体制中普遍存在的关系结构究竟为何。本研究采用网络分析方法，针对德国、瑞士的共识联邦制、法国的多数制单一制，以及荷兰的混合共识单一制四种民主政体下的四个政策网络，剖析其权力结构与互动模式的差异。本研究基于149名国家与非国家行动者的调研数据，拟合指数随机图模型（exponential random graph models）并计算预测概率，以对比这四个政策网络。研究结果显示，共识民主政体将行动者共享权力并与对手开展合作的网络邻域予以制度化。本研究选取的多数制民主体制案例则呈现出权力集中、行动者受限接触竞争对手的局面，这使得该体制无需过多与对手互动并寻求妥协的必要性大幅降低。鉴于网络结构嵌入于特定政治体制，本研究的发现可为未来研究区分典型与非典型网络结构提供支撑。