ESS10

The European Social Survey (ESS) is an academically driven cross-national survey, founded in 2001. It has been administered in 40 countries to date. Its three aims are, firstly – to monitor and interpret changing public attitudes and values within Europe and to investigate how they interact with Europe's changing institutions, secondly – to advance and consolidate improved methods of cross-national survey measurement in Europe and beyond, and thirdly – to develop a series of European social indicators, including attitudinal indicators. The survey involves strict random probability sampling, high response rate and rigorous translation protocols.

ESS data collection is based on an hour-long face-to-face interview. Due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic at Round 10, a total of 9 countries switched to a self-completion (web and paper) approach, while 22 countries used ESS’s usual face-to-face fieldwork approach. In addition, countries opting for the usual face-to-face approach, could use video interviews as a back-up for the in-person interviews. Caution is advised when making comparisons between countries using face-to-face and self-completion approaches at ESS Round 10, and when making time series comparisons in a country that has used a self-completion approach at Round 10.

Another impact of the pandemic was that Round 10 fieldwork was carried out over a longer period than a usual ESS Round. The first country started fieldwork in September 2020 and the final countries finished fieldwork in August 2022. The pandemic may have resulted in some attitudinal and behavioural changes; therefore, the timing of fieldwork may be particularly important at this round. Users are encouraged to review the fieldwork dates for countries and consider this when carrying out analysis between Round 10 participating countries, or when comparing country level results at Round 10 with previous ESS rounds.

The tenth ESS round covers 31 countries. It includes questions on a variety of core topics repeated from previous rounds of the survey and also two modules developed for Round 10. These are Digital Social Contacts in Work and Family Life, and Understandings and Evaluations of Democracy (the latter is a partial repeat of a module from Round 6).

From Round 7 the ESS has been legally established as a European Research Infrastructure Consortium (ERIC). Central costs are funded through ESS ERIC membership fee (Members, Observers and Guests), while costs of fieldwork and national coordination are funded nationally.

欧洲社会调查（European Social Survey，ESS）是一项以学术研究为导向的跨国调查项目，于2001年创立。截至目前，该调查已在40个国家落地实施。其三大核心目标如下：其一，监测并解读欧洲境内不断变迁的公众态度与价值观，探究其与欧洲社会演进中的制度体系如何相互作用；其二，优化并完善欧洲乃至全球范围内的跨国调查测量方法；其三，构建涵盖态度类指标在内的系列欧洲社会指标体系。本次调查采用严格的随机概率抽样方法，具备较高的应答率，并遵循严谨的翻译流程规范。

ESS的数据采集依托于时长一小时的面对面访谈。在第十轮（Round 10）调查期间，受新冠疫情（COVID-19 pandemic）影响，共有9个国家改用自填式（网络与纸质）调查模式，另有22个国家沿用ESS常规的面对面实地调查方式。此外，选择常规面对面调查的国家，可将视频访谈作为线下访谈的备用方案。在对比第十轮调查中采用面对面调查与自填式调查的国家数据时，以及对第十轮采用自填式调查的国家开展时间序列对比分析时，均需谨慎处理。

疫情带来的另一项影响是，第十轮调查的实地工作周期较常规ESS轮次更长。首个启动实地调查的国家于2020年9月启动，最后一批完成调查的国家则于2022年8月收尾。疫情或已引发部分公众态度与行为层面的变化，因此本轮调查的实地开展时机可能尤为关键。我们建议使用者查阅各参与国的实地调查日期，并在对第十轮参与国开展数据分析，或是将第十轮的国家层面结果与过往ESS轮次进行对比时，将该因素纳入考量范围。

第十轮ESS调查覆盖31个国家，问卷包含多轮过往调查沿用的核心议题，以及两个专为第十轮开发的调查模块：《工作与家庭生活中的数字化社会接触》与《民主的认知与评价》（后者为第六轮相关模块的部分复刻）。

自第七轮起，ESS正式以欧洲研究基础设施联盟（European Research Infrastructure Consortium，ERIC）的法人实体身份运营。其核心运营成本由ESS ERIC的会员费（涵盖正式会员、观察员与特邀嘉宾）承担，而实地调查与全国协调的相关成本则由各国自行负担。