Raw Data - Relationship of biological maturation and body surface area with fast-phase cardiac autonomic recovery in Brazilian Jiu-jitsu athletes

In Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ), athletes engage in multiple bouts with short intervals between them to vie for the championship, this requires broad efficiency of fast-phase cardiac autonomic recovery (CAR). Our aim was to verify the relationship between biological maturation (BM) and body surface area (BSA) and fast-phase CAR in BJJ athletes. This cross-sectional study involved 150 BJJ athletes, including 94 children and adolescents (Age: 10.6±1.5 years) and 56 adults (Age: 25.3±14.4). BM was assessed through peak height velocity (PHV). Athletes' BSA was categorized as low, medium, or high via anthropometric evaluations. Participants underwent high-intensity intermittent anaerobic physical exercise, by radio telemetry we acquired the peak heart rate and 60-s after physical exercise. Finally, the rapid phase CAR was analyzed using the 60-s heart rate recovery index. The results indicated that the pre-PHV group exhibited superior CAR compared to the during-PHV, post-PHV, and adult groups (η2p=0.450). Athletes with low BSA demonstrated enhanced CAR compared to those with medium and high BSA. The study concluded that both CAR depends on BM and BSA (η2p=0.252), regardless of the age group and BM stage. These findings have significant implications for tailored training and performance strategies, considering individual variations in BM and BSA.[P1]在巴西柔术（Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu，BJJ）赛事中，运动员需在短间隔内参与多场对决以角逐冠军，这要求快速相心脏自主神经恢复（fast-phase cardiac autonomic recovery，CAR）具备充足效能。本研究旨在探讨巴西柔术运动员的生物学成熟度（biological maturation，BM）、体表面积（body surface area，BSA）与快速相CAR之间的关联。本横断面研究共纳入150名BJJ运动员，其中94名为儿童及青少年（年龄：10.6±1.5岁），56名为成人（年龄：25.3±14.4岁）。研究通过身高峰值速度（peak height velocity，PHV）评估受试者的生物学成熟度，并通过人体测量学评估将运动员的体表面积划分为低、中、高三个等级。受试者接受高强度间歇性无氧运动测试，通过无线电遥测技术采集运动峰值心率与运动后60秒的心率数据；最终以60秒心率恢复指数为指标分析快速相CAR。结果显示，身高峰值速度前期（pre-PHV）组的快速相CAR表现优于身高峰值速度中期（during-PHV）、身高峰值速度后期（post-PHV）及成人组（η2p=0.450）；体表面积偏低的运动员，其快速相CAR性能显著优于体表面积中等及偏高的运动员。本研究结论指出，无论年龄组别与生物学成熟度阶段如何，快速相CAR均与BM及BSA显著相关（η2p=0.252）。鉴于生物学成熟度与体表面积存在个体差异，本研究结果可为巴西柔术运动员制定个性化训练与竞技策略提供重要参考依据。