Fish Diversity in Chongqing Section of the National Nature Reserve for Rare and Endemic Fish in the Upper Yangtze River in 2021

In March 2021, the fish diversity in Chongqing section of the National Nature Reserve for rare and endemic fish in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River was detected. The diversity composition of fish was detected by environmental DNA macro bar code standardized analysis processes such as water sample collection, Edna capture and extraction, PCR amplification and sequencing and database comparative analysis. The results showed that a total of 74 species of fish (excluding 3 genera not identified at the species level) were detected at 6 sampling points in Chongqing section of the reserve, belonging to 6 orders, 16 families and 52 genera, including 2 species of national protected fish, 10 species of endemic fish in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, 1 species of key protected fish in Chongqing and 8 species of alien species. Cyprinus, Carassius, Ctenopharyngodon and tachysurus were detected as dominant species at each sampling point. There is little difference between alpha and beta diversity indexes of fish composition at various points, indicating that the ecological structure of fish in the reserve is relatively balanced and stable. 

2021年3月，针对长江上游珍稀特有鱼类国家级自然保护区重庆段的鱼类多样性展开了调查检测。本研究采用水样采集、环境DNA（environmental DNA，eDNA）捕获与提取、聚合酶链式反应（Polymerase Chain Reaction，PCR）扩增、测序及数据库比对分析等标准化环境DNA宏条形码（macrobarcode）分析流程，完成了鱼类多样性组成的检测。检测结果显示，在该保护区重庆段的6个采样点中共检出鱼类74种（剔除3个未鉴定到物种级别的属），隶属于6目、16科、52属，其中包含国家保护鱼类2种、长江上游特有鱼类10种、重庆市重点保护鱼类1种以及外来物种8种。鲤属（Cyprinus）、鲫属（Carassius）、草鱼属（Ctenopharyngodon）以及鲿属（Tachysurus）在所有采样点中均被鉴定为优势类群。各采样点的鱼类群落α多样性（alpha diversity）与β多样性（beta diversity）指数差异极小，表明该保护区内鱼类的生态结构相对平衡且稳定。

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集基于2021年3月在长江上游珍稀特有鱼类国家级自然保护区重庆段的环境DNA调查，使用标准化宏条形码分析流程，揭示了鱼类多样性组成。结果显示，在6个采样点共检测到74种鱼类，包括多种保护类和特有物种，且优势物种明确；鱼类生态结构呈现相对平衡稳定的特征。数据集聚焦于鱼类多样性、珍稀特有鱼类及环境DNA技术应用，为保护区生态研究提供了重要数据支持。