数控机床主轴轴承失效分析

某数控机床主轴轴承运行613 h后出现振动异常,发现失效轴承个别钢球表面存在明显损伤痕迹,通过宏微观观察,化学成分分析,能谱分析等方法对钢球表面的损伤痕迹进行研究。结果表明,由于金属异物颗粒进入轴承,异物与钢球发生粘着磨损,随着粘着磨损作用加剧,在钢球表面产生“白层”,“白层”内部萌生接触疲劳裂纹,疲劳裂纹扩展使钢球表面剥落,形成剥落坑,引起轴承失效。失效轴承的各部件硬度差值超出标准,加速了轴承的失效。因此建议对轴承添加防尘盖或密封圈,提高润滑油脂的洁净度,避免外界异物污染轴承引起失效,并在实际生产中加强轴承材料的质量控制。A spindle bearing of a CNC machine tool exhibited abnormal vibration after 613 hours of operation. Obvious damage marks were found on the surfaces of individual steel balls in the failed bearing. The damage traces on the steel ball surfaces were investigated via macro- and micro-observation, chemical composition analysis, energy spectrum analysis and other characterization methods. The results showed that metal foreign particles entered the bearing, leading to adhesive wear between the foreign particles and the steel balls. As the adhesive wear intensified, a "white layer" formed on the steel ball surfaces. Contact fatigue cracks initiated inside the "white layer", and the propagation of these cracks caused spalling on the steel ball surfaces, forming spalling pits and resulting in bearing failure. The hardness difference between the components of the failed bearing exceeded the standard, which accelerated the bearing failure. Therefore, it is recommended to add dust covers or seal rings to the bearings, improve the cleanliness of the lubricating grease to avoid external foreign matter contaminating the bearings and causing failure, and strengthen the quality control of bearing materials in actual production.

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背景概述

该数据集是一篇关于数控机床主轴轴承失效分析的论文，基于实际案例（轴承运行613小时后失效），通过宏微观观察、化学成分和能谱分析等方法，揭示了失效机制：金属异物颗粒引发粘着磨损，形成“白层”并导致接触疲劳裂纹扩展，最终造成剥落失效。数据集特点包括结合工程实践与科学分析，并提出具体预防措施（如添加防尘盖、提高润滑洁净度），对机械制造和材料工程领域具有参考价值。