Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas Database Version 5 (SOCATv5) (NCEI Accession 0163180)

The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) is a synthesis activity by the international marine carbon research community and has more than 100 contributors worldwide. SOCAT provides access to synthesis and gridded, quality controlled, observational products of surface ocean fCO2 (fugacity of carbon dioxide) for the global oceans and coastal seas. SOCAT version 5 has 21.5 million, in situ, surface ocean fCO2 measurements with an accuracy of better than 5 μatm and a WOCE flag of 2 (good) from 1957 to 2016. Calibrated sensor data with an accuracy of better than 10 μatm are also available.

During quality control, marine scientists assign a flag to each dataset, as well as WOCE flags of 2 (good), 3 (questionable) or 4 (bad) to individual fCO2 values. Datasets are assigned flags of A and B for an accuracy of better than 2 μatm, flags of C and D for an accuracy of better than 5 μatm and a flag of E for an accuracy of better than 10 μatm. Bakker et al. (2016) describe the quality control criteria used in SOCAT versions 3 to 5. Quality control comments for individual datasets can be accessed via the SOCAT Data Set Viewer (www.socat.info).

All datasets, where data quality has been deemed acceptable, have been made public. The main SOCAT synthesis files and the gridded products contain all datasets with flags of A to D and fCO2 values with a flag of 2. Access to datasets with a flag of E and fCO2 values with flags of 3 and 4 is via additional data products and the Data Set Viewer (Table 8 in Bakker et al., 2016).

SOCAT publishes a global gridded product with a 1° longitude by 1° latitude resolution. A second product with a higher resolution of 0.25° longitude by 0.25° latitude is available for the coastal seas. Gridded products are available monthly, per year and per decade. Two powerful, interactive, online viewers, the Data Set Viewer and the Gridded Data Viewer, enable investigation of the SOCAT synthesis and gridded data products. SOCAT data products can be downloaded. MatLab code is available for reading these files. Ocean Data View also provides access to the SOCAT data products. SOCAT data products are discoverable, accessible and citable.

SOCAT versions 3 to 5 should be cited as Bakker et al., 2016 (until a publication on versions 4 and 5 is published). The SOCAT Fair Data Use Statement asks users to generously acknowledge the contribution of SOCAT scientists by invitation to co-authorship, especially for data providers in regional studies, and/or reference to relevant scientific articles.

The SOCAT website (www.socat.info) provides a single access point for online viewers, downloadable datasets, the Fair Data Use Statement, a list of contributors and an overview of scientific publications on and using SOCAT. Automation of data upload and initial data checks allows annual releases of SOCAT from version 4 onward. SOCAT enables quantification of the ocean carbon sink and ocean acidification and evaluation of ocean biogeochemical models. More than 180 peer-reviewed scientific publications and high-impact reports cite SOCAT. SOCAT represents a milestone in research coordination, data access, biogeochemical and climate research and in informing policy.

海洋表面二氧化碳图集（Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas，缩写SOCAT）是由国际海洋碳研究共同体发起的综合研究项目，全球共有超过100位贡献者参与。SOCAT可为全球大洋与近岸海域提供经过质量控制的综合与网格化表层海水fCO2（二氧化碳分压，fugacity of carbon dioxide）观测产品。SOCAT第5版包含2150万条1957年至2016年间的原位表层海水fCO2实测数据，其测量精度优于5微大气压（μatm），且对应的WOCE标记（WOCE flag）为2（合格）；同时还提供精度优于10μatm的校准传感器数据。
在质量控制流程中，海洋科学家会为每个数据集分配标记，并为单条fCO2数值分配WOCE标记2（合格）、3（可疑）或4（不合格）。数据集的标记分为A、B两类（精度优于2μatm）、C、D两类（精度优于5μatm），以及E类（精度优于10μatm）。巴克等（Bakker et al., 2016）详细阐述了SOCAT第3至5版所采用的质量控制标准。单个数据集的质量控制注释可通过SOCAT数据集查看器（SOCAT Data Set Viewer，www.socat.info）获取。
所有被认定为数据质量合格的数据集均已公开。SOCAT主综合文件与网格化产品包含所有标记为A至D的数据集，以及标记为2的fCO2数值。标记为E的数据集，以及标记为3、4的fCO2数值，需通过额外数据产品与数据集查看器获取（详见Bakker等，2016中的表8）。
SOCAT发布空间分辨率为1°经度×1°纬度的全球网格化产品；针对近岸海域，还提供分辨率更高的0.25°经度×0.25°纬度的网格化产品。网格化产品按月、按年及按十年周期发布。两款功能强大的交互式在线查看器——数据集查看器与网格化数据查看器（Gridded Data Viewer），支持用户对SOCAT综合数据与网格化数据产品进行探究。SOCAT数据产品支持下载，可通过MATLAB代码读取相关文件，海洋数据查看器（Ocean Data View）同样可访问SOCAT数据产品。SOCAT数据产品具备可发现性、可访问性与可引用性。
SOCAT第3至5版的引用格式为巴克等（2016）（直至第4、5版的专项研究成果发表前）。SOCAT公平数据使用声明要求用户通过邀请共同署名（尤其针对区域研究中的数据提供者），或引用相关学术论文的方式，充分致谢SOCAT科学家的贡献。
SOCAT官网（www.socat.info）提供了在线查看器、可下载数据集、公平数据使用声明、贡献者列表以及有关SOCAT的学术出版物概览的统一访问入口。数据上传与初始数据检查的自动化流程，使得自第4版起SOCAT可实现年度更新。SOCAT可用于量化海洋碳汇与海洋酸化，并评估海洋生物地球化学模型。目前已有超过180篇同行评议的学术论文与高影响力报告引用了SOCAT数据。SOCAT是研究协调、数据访问、生物地球化学与气候研究，以及政策制定支撑领域的里程碑成果。

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

SOCATv5是一个国际合作的海洋二氧化碳数据集，包含1957年至2016年间2150万个高质量的表面海洋二氧化碳逸度（fCO2）原位测量数据，精度优于5 μatm，并支持全球和沿海海域的网格化产品。该数据集经过严格质量控制，提供在线查看器和下载选项，主要用于量化海洋碳汇、研究海洋酸化以及评估生物地球化学模型，已被广泛用于科学研究和政策制定。