Induction of sublethal effects for the characterization of Olive groves under different pest management systems

Abstract Currently, olive grove management in Spain responds to the three following clearly differentiated systems in order of decreasing area: Conventional Management (70%), Integrated Pest Management (IPM) (26%) and Ecological Management (4%) systems. These are characterized by a decreasing dependence on synthetic insecticides and by different soil tillage intensities. They are also subject to different subside regulations and application regimen by the government, so their adequate characterization represents a factor of increasing importance, which is the object of this work.During the years 2017 and 2018, olive groves corresponding to the three types of management were selected, in which two series of plots were established. In one series, Dimethoate 40® was applied, considering plots of the second series as control. After insecticide application, beneficial insects were monitored through the use of chromatic traps.The results allow elucidating two clearly different behavioral patterns in beneficial insects, depending on the use of insecticides: Conventional and IPM management, where repellency reaction is manifested, absent in the Ecological Management. Aspects about the induction of sublethal effects for the characterization of the different pest management systems are discussed.摘要：目前西班牙橄榄园管理采用三种按面积从大到小排序的明确差异化体系，分别为常规管理（占比70%）、病虫害综合防治（Integrated Pest Management，IPM）（占比26%）与生态管理（占比4%）。上述三类体系的核心特征为对合成杀虫剂的依赖程度依次降低，且土壤耕作强度各不相同。同时，三类体系需遵循政府出台的不同补贴法规与施用规程，因此对其进行精准表征的重要性日益凸显，这也正是本研究的核心目标。 2017至2018年间，研究人员选取了覆盖上述三类管理体系的橄榄园，并设置两组试验小区：其中一组为施药组，施用乐果40®（Dimethoate 40®），另一组作为空白对照组。杀虫剂施用完成后，研究人员利用色诱陷阱对益虫种群开展监测。 研究结果揭示了两类与杀虫剂施用相关的益虫行为模式差异：在常规管理与IPM管理体系中，益虫会表现出驱避反应，而生态管理体系中则无此类现象。本文还就亚致死效应诱导相关维度展开讨论，以助力不同病虫害管理体系的精准表征。