ESS RI Raw Data Dickson Jun-16.xlsx

OBJECTIVES: To establish transthoracic echocardiographic reference intervals in adult English springer spaniel dogs. METHODS: Forty-two healthy adult English springer spaniels were prospectively recruited from a general practice population in the UK. Animals were examined twice, at least 12 months apart, to exclude dogs with progressive cardiac disease. Reference intervals were calculated using Box-Cox transformations and specific variables were depicted within an expert consensus range. Relationships of body mass, age and heart rate with cardiac structure and function were examined and functional assessments were compared with previous reports. Reference intervals were compared against published ratiometric indices and allometric scaling models. RESULTS: Thirty-nine dogs contributed to create the reference intervals. Significant relationships with body weight, age and heart rate were detected, although low coefficients of determination were found. Fractional shortening values were lower than has been reported in many breeds but Simpson-derived ejection fractions were similar to previously published breed-specific values. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Breed-specific reference intervals are reported allowing for more appropriate interpretation of echocardiographic assessments in the English springer spaniel.研究目的：建立成年英国史宾格犬的经胸超声心动图（transthoracic echocardiography）参考区间。研究方法：从英国全科兽医诊所的就诊犬群中前瞻性招募42只健康成年英国史宾格犬。对受试动物进行两次检查，两次检查间隔至少12个月，以排除存在进展性心脏疾病的个体。采用Box-Cox变换（Box-Cox transformation）计算参考区间，并将特定变量按照专家共识范围进行描述。分析体质量、年龄与心率对心脏结构及功能的相关性，并将功能评估结果与既往研究报道进行对比。将本次建立的参考区间与已发表的比率指数及异速缩放模型（allometric scaling models）进行比对。研究结果：最终有39只犬纳入参考区间的构建分析。检测到体质量、年龄与心率对心脏相关指标存在显著相关性，但对应决定系数较低。短轴缩短率（fractional shortening）数值低于多数已报道的犬品种参考值，但基于Simpson法的射血分数（Simpson-derived ejection fraction）与既往已发表的该品种特异性参考值相近。临床意义：本研究报道了英国史宾格犬的品种特异性参考区间，可为该品种犬的超声心动图评估结果提供更为合理的解读依据。