"Table 175" of "Properties of jet fragmentation using charged particles measured with the ATLAS detector in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV"

CERN-LHC. This paper presents a measurement of quantities related to the formation of jets from high energy quarks and gluons (fragmentation). Jets with $100$ GeV $ 500$ MeV~and $|\eta| < 2.5$~are used to probe the detailed structure of the jet. The fragmentation properties of the more forward and the more central of the leading two jets from each event are studied. The data are unfolded to correct for detector resolution and acceptance effects. Comparisons to parton shower Monte Carlo generators indicate that existing models provide a reasonable description of the data across a wide range of phase space, but there are also significant differences. Furthermore, the data are interpreted in the context of quark- and gluon-initiated jets by exploiting the rapidity dependence of the jet flavor fraction. A first measurement of the charged-particle multiplicity using model-independent jet labels (topic modeling) provides a promising alternative to traditional quark- and gluon- extractions using simulation input. The simulations provide a reasonable description of the quark-like data across the jet $p_\text{T}$ range presented in this measurement, but the gluon-like data have systematically fewer charged particles than the simulations. Uncertainties are broken down by category and should be treated as fully correlated between bins and between observables except for statistical uncertainties.欧洲核子研究中心大型强子对撞机（CERN-LHC）。本文针对高能夸克（quark）与胶子（gluon）产生喷注（jet）的相关物理量展开测量，该过程又称喷注碎裂（fragmentation）。选取横向动量（transverse momentum, $p_ ext{T}$）介于100 GeV至500 GeV、快度绝对值$|eta| < 2.5$的喷注，用以探究喷注的精细结构。本文对每个事件中两个领头喷注分别对应前向区域与中心快度区域的碎裂特性展开研究。通过数据解卷（unfolding）校正探测器分辨率与接收度效应带来的影响。与部分子簇射（parton shower）型蒙特卡洛发生器（Monte Carlo generator）的对比结果显示，现有模型可在较宽相空间范围内较好地描述实验数据，但仍存在显著差异。此外，通过利用喷注味组分的快度依赖性，本文将实验数据按夸克起源与胶子起源喷注进行分类解读。本文采用与模型无关的喷注标签技术（主题建模，topic modeling）开展带电粒子多重数（charged-particle multiplicity）的首次测量，为传统依赖模拟输入的夸克与胶子喷注甄别方法提供了极具潜力的替代方案。蒙特卡洛模拟可在本次测量覆盖的喷注横向动量范围内较好地描述类夸克数据，但类胶子数据的带电粒子多重数系统性低于模拟结果。不确定性按类别拆分，除统计不确定性（statistical uncertainty）外，各分箱（bin）间与各可观测量（observable）间的不确定性均视为完全相关。