Erratum: Endothelin-1-Mediated Wave-Like [Ca²⁺]_i Oscillations in Intact Rabbit Inferior Vena Cava

Endothelin-1 (ET1) is an endogenous vasoconstrictor released by the vascular system to regulate the contractility of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). It is implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension and diabetic vasculopathy. In rabbit inferior vena cava (IVC), 10 n<i>M</i> ET1 induces tonic contraction mainly via type A endothelin receptor activation. Using confocal imaging of Fluo-3 loaded in thein situ VSMC within the intact IVC, we found that ET1 elicited [Ca²⁺]_i oscillations with an average frequency of 0.31 ± 0.01 Hz. These [Ca²⁺]_i oscillations occurred as repetitive Ca²⁺ waves traveling along the longitudinal axis of the cells with an average velocity of 29 ± 3 µm/s. The Ca²⁺ waves were not synchronized between neighboring VSMC nor were they propagated between them. Nifedipine (10 µ<i>M</i>) inhibited the tonic contraction by 27.0 ± 5.0% while SKF96365 (50 µ<i>M</i>) abolished the remaining contraction. In a parallel Ca²⁺ study, nifedipine reduced the frequency of the oscillations to 0.22 ± 0.01 Hz while SKF96365 abolished the remaining [Ca²⁺]_i oscillations. Subsequent application of 25 m<i>M</i> caffeine elicited no further Ca²⁺ signal. Thus, we conclude that ET1 stimulates tonic contraction in the rabbit IVC by inducing [Ca²⁺]_i oscillations and that stimulated Ca²⁺ entry through both the L-type voltage-gated Ca²⁺ channels and a nifedipine-resistant and SKF96365-sensitive pathway is crucial for the maintenance of [Ca²⁺]_i oscillations and tonic contraction.