According to Whittemore & Knafl, two quality criterion instruments should be utilized during the review process to assure the authenticity, methodological quality, and informative value of the inc
This data represents the results of the validation phase using the expert judgment method. Six experts validated the research product through a questionnaire assessment with a score range of 1-4. The
Study quality and risk of bias assessment for all included studies, assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS) for cohort studies or Case-Control (C-C) studies, the modified NOS for Cross-Section
Observational studies are based on systematic observation, understood as an organized recording and quantification of behavior in its natural context. Applied to the specific area of sports, observati