Rationale: Even after quitting smoking, the risk of the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer remains significantly higher compared to never-smokers. Objectives:
Gene-disease-chemical of LASSO-LARS signature in FSvsNS. Gene-disease-chemical association studies for gene signature predicted by LASSO-LARS method for former smokers versus never smokers case study.
Additional file 4: Table S8. Percentage change across countries of the fraction of all prostate cancer DALYs that are attributable to smoking (95% UI).
