A Sign of the Times: Dataset of US Congress signed network backbones from co-sponsorship data, 1973-2016

Each tab contains the signed network for a chamber of congress (H = House, S = Senate) in one session (e.g. 93 = 93rd session of congress).<br><br>The first row identifies the representative or senator, with their party affiliation and state; these are square matrices with columns arranged in the same order.<br><br>In each cell, 1 = the congresspeople have a positive relationship, -1 = the congresspeople have a negative relationship, 0 = the congresspeople have no relationship.<br><br>Relationships are inferred from bill co-sponsorship data using the Stochastic Degree Sequence Model; see the following articles for more details:<br>Neal, Z. P. (In press). A sign of the times? Weak and strong polarization in the U.S. Congress, 1973-2016. Social Networks. Doi:10.1016/j.socnet.2018.07.007<br><br>Neal, Z. P. (2014). The backbone of bipartite projections: Inferring relationships from co-authorship, co-sponsorship, co-attendance and other co-behaviors. Social Networks, 39, 84-97. Doi:10.1016/j.socnet.2014.06.001

每个标签页均存储某一届美国国会（H代表众议院，S代表参议院）某一院的符号网络（signed network），例如“93”即指代第93届美国国会。

首行标注了对应众议员或参议员的身份信息，包括其所属党派与所在州；该数据集为方阵（square matrix），且列的排列顺序与行保持一致。

矩阵的每个单元格中，1代表两位国会议员之间存在正向关联，-1代表二者存在负向关联，0则代表二者无任何关系。

上述议员间的关系是通过随机度序列模型（Stochastic Degree Sequence Model）从法案共同赞助数据中推断得出的，详细信息可参考以下两篇文献：
Neal, Z. P.（即将出版）. 《时代的信号？1973-2016年美国国会的强弱极化现象》，《社会网络》（Social Networks），DOI:10.1016/j.socnet.2018.07.007
Neal, Z. P.（2014）. 《二部投影的核心结构：从合著、共同赞助、共同出席及其他共同行为中推断关系》，《社会网络》（Social Networks），第39卷，第84-97页，DOI:10.1016/j.socnet.2014.06.001