Data from: Biosurveillance for an invasive pest of maize, <i>Prostephanus truncatus</i>, across North America and in Greece

Aim of DatasetIn this work, we performed a two-year latitudinal biosurveillance program for <i>Prostephanus truncatus </i>(Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae), related bostrichids, and <i>Sitophilus</i> spp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in and around grain production and some natural areas to evaluate how landscape elements, latitude, and season affected their spatiotemporal dynamics.Sampling locations &amp; trapsThe biosurveillance program was conducted by use of a trapping network in central North America in 2021 and 2022 and also in Greece in 2022. Trapping locations were selected along a latitudinal series across major grain-producing states in central North America from 19.6 to 46.8° N, including Estado de México in México, Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota, and North Dakota (Figure 1; Supplementary Table 1). The number of sites was expanded in 2022 compared to 2021 to provide a more comprehensive picture. At each location, we set up three-trap transects in each of two to three habitats: (1) near row crops (e.g., wheat, maize or soybean), (2) near a food storage facility (e.g. bins, elevator, or processor), and (3) in a natural habitat with no grain source nearby. Pitfall traps (Storgard Dome™ traps, Trécé, Inc., Adair, OK, USA) and 4-funnel Lindgren traps (Bioquip, Rancho Dominguez, CA, USA) spaced 5–10 m apart with a vented collection cup (9.5 × 15.2 cm D:H) at the base were used. The Lindgren traps included a 9 cm (D) piece of 0.4% w/w deltamethrin-incorporated netting or a 1-inch piece of No-Pest Strip (Hot Shot, Reynold’s Consumer Products, Lake Forest, IL) as the kill mechanism, as these have successfully been used in traps in the past (Wilkins et al. 2021). There were either three or four Lindgren or four pitfall traps in a given transect. The Lindgren traps were baited with a commercial formulation of male-produced <i>P. truncatus</i> aggregation pheromone (IL-953, Insects Limited, Westfield, IN, USA), <i>Sitophilus</i> spp. aggregation pheromone separately (IL-703, Insects Limited), multi-species pheromone lures for the cigarette beetle, <i>Lasioderma serricorne</i> (F.) (Coleoptera: Anobiidae), the Indian meal moth, <i>Plodia interpunctella</i> (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), and <i>Trogoderma</i> spp. (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) (IL-708, Insects Limited), and a <i>R. dominica</i> pheromone septa (Item#3158, Trece, Inc., Adair, OK, USA). A batch of lures was purchased in May 2021, and another batch was purchased in April 2022. The pitfall trap only contained the <i>Sitophilus</i> spp. and/or <i>P. truncatus</i> lure. We also added a small amount of maize or wheat to keep insects in the pitfall trap based on synergized response with food cues + pheromones for <i>Sitophilus</i> spp. (Trematerra and Girgenti 1989). The traps were deployed for 7-d periods either on a weekly or monthly basis depending on location from 14 June to as late as 7 Dec 2021 and 4 May to 6 Dec 2022. In Greece, the same protocol as above was utilized in a compressed timeframe consisting of 4 weeks during the key maize harvest in September 2022 at 4 sites between Volos and Thessaloniki (Central and Northern Greece).Insect identification and specimen depositionInsects were identified to species or genus where possible for all specimens using the USDA and Canadian taxonomic keys for stored product insects (Bousquet 1990; USDA 1991). Each trap capture was noted separately along with identifying information, and the abundance of <i>P. truncatus</i>, <i>P. punctatus</i>, other Bostrichidae, and <i>Sitophilus</i> spp. (including <i>S. zeamais</i> and <i>S. oryzae</i>) were recorded. Insects were identified using a dissecting microscope (SMZ18, Nikon Inc., Tokyo, Japan) at 30 x magnification. All specimens for project were deposited at the Kansas State University Museum of Entomological and Prairie Arthropod Research in the Department of Entomology.<br>

数据集研究目的
本研究针对大谷蠹（Prostephanus truncatus (Horn)，鞘翅目Coleoptera：长蠹科Bostrichidae）、相关长蠹科昆虫以及米象属（Sitophilus spp.，鞘翅目Coleoptera：象甲科Curculionidae）开展了为期两年的纬度带生物监测项目，监测范围覆盖谷物生产区域及部分自然区域，旨在评估景观要素、纬度与季节如何影响其时空动态。

采样点位与诱捕装置
本生物监测项目于2021年和2022年在北美中部开展，2022年新增希腊区域监测。诱捕点位沿北美中部主要谷物生产州的纬度梯度布设，纬度范围为19.6°N至46.8°N，涵盖墨西哥墨西哥州、得克萨斯州、俄克拉荷马州、堪萨斯州、内布拉斯加州、南达科他州及北达科他州（图1；补充表1）。相较于2021年，2022年的监测点位数量有所扩充，以获取更全面的监测数据。在每个监测点位，我们于2至3类生境中各设置3个诱捕点样带：(1) 大田作物周边（如小麦、玉米或大豆）；(2) 粮食仓储设施附近（如储粮仓、升降机或加工厂）；(3) 周边无谷物来源的自然生境。

本次监测使用两类诱捕装置：地面陷阱诱捕器（Storgard Dome™诱捕器，Trécé公司，美国俄克拉荷马州阿达尔市）与四漏斗林德格伦诱捕器（Bioquip公司，美国加利福尼亚州兰乔多明格斯市），诱捕器间距为5–10 m，底部配备带通风口的收集杯（尺寸9.5 × 15.2 cm，直径:高度）。林德格伦诱捕器的灭杀机制采用两种方案之一：一是直径9 cm的0.4% w/w溴氰菊酯包覆网布，二是1英寸长的No-Pest Strip驱避条（Hot Shot，雷诺兹消费品公司，美国伊利诺伊州莱克福里斯特市），该两种灭杀方式此前已成功应用于昆虫诱捕装置中（Wilkins等，2021）。每个样带内布设3或4个林德格伦诱捕器，或4个地面陷阱诱捕器。

林德格伦诱捕器分别挂载以下商品配方诱芯：大谷蠹（P. truncatus）雄虫聚集信息素（IL-953，Insects Limited公司，美国印第安纳州韦斯特菲尔德市）、米象属（Sitophilus spp.）聚集信息素（IL-703，Insects Limited公司）、针对烟甲虫Lasioderma serricorne (F.)（鞘翅目Coleoptera：窃蠹科Anobiidae）、印度谷螟Plodia interpunctella (Hübner)（鳞翅目Lepidoptera：螟蛾科Pyralidae）以及Trogoderma属（鞘翅目Coleoptera：皮蠹科Dermestidae）的多物种信息素诱芯（IL-708，Insects Limited公司），以及谷蠹（R. dominica）信息素胶塞（货号3158，Trece公司，美国俄克拉荷马州阿达尔市）。诱芯分两批次采购：2021年5月采购第一批，2022年4月采购第二批。地面陷阱诱捕器仅挂载米象属（Sitophilus spp.）和/或大谷蠹（P. truncatus）诱芯，并添加少量玉米或小麦作为协同诱饵，基于米象属对食物线索与信息素的协同响应研究结果（Trematerra和Girgenti，1989）。

诱捕装置的布设周期为7天，布设频率根据点位情况采用每周或每月一次，布设时间范围为2021年6月14日至同年12月7日，以及2022年5月4日至同年12月6日。在希腊区域的监测采用相同的实验方案，但时间压缩至2022年9月玉米关键收获期的4周内，监测点位位于沃洛斯与塞萨洛尼基之间的4个样点（希腊中部与北部）。

昆虫鉴定与标本保存
所有标本均依据美国农业部与加拿大储藏物昆虫分类检索表进行物种或属级鉴定（Bousquet，1990；USDA，1991）。每份诱捕捕获物均单独记录并附带鉴定信息，同时记录大谷蠹（P. truncatus）、点刻大谷蠹（P. punctatus）、其他长蠹科昆虫以及米象属（Sitophilus spp.，包括玉米象S. zeamais和米象S. oryzae）的种群数量。鉴定过程使用体式显微镜（SMZ18，尼康公司，日本东京），放大倍数为30倍。本项目所有标本均保存于堪萨斯州立大学昆虫学系昆虫与草原节肢动物博物馆。

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集提供了2021年至2022年在北美中部（从墨西哥到美国多个州）和希腊进行的为期两年的生物监测数据，旨在研究入侵性玉米害虫Prostephanus truncatus及相关害虫的时空分布。数据通过陷阱网络收集，覆盖多种栖息地（如行栽作物附近、粮食储存设施附近和自然栖息地），并记录了害虫的丰度信息，用于评估景观、纬度和季节对害虫动态的影响。