Data from: Worker selection, hiring, and vacancies

This record contains the underlying research data for the publication "Worker selection, hiring, and vacancies" and the full-text is available from: https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/soe_research/1990The ratio of hirings to vacancies in the U.S. has the following establishment level properties: (i) it steeply rises with employment growth rate; (ii) falls with establishment size; and (iii) rises with worker turnover rate. The standard Diamond-Mortensen Pissarides (DMP) matching model is not compatible with these observations. This paper augments selection of workers prior to hiring into a random matching model with multi-worker firms. In the calibrated model, worker selection accounts for about 30% of the variation in the hiring-vacancy ratio observed in the data. Compared to the standard model, the worker selection model has both qualitative and quantitative policy implications. A hiring subsidy reduces the unemployment rate substantially in the worker selection model, whereas the reduction in the unemployment rate is very small in the standard model. The two models also differ regarding the impact of the hiring subsidy across firms. The worker selection model implies that firms that have initially high worker turnover rates experience proportionally higher worker turnover rates after the subsidy. In contrast, the standard model predicts that the worker turnover rate increases proportionally more at firms with initially lower worker turnover rates.<br>本数据集承载了论文《工人筛选、雇佣与职位空缺》（Worker selection, hiring, and vacancies）的核心研究数据，论文全文可通过以下链接获取：https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/soe_research/1990。美国劳动力市场中雇佣量与职位空缺的比率具备如下企业层面特征：(i) 随就业增长率急剧攀升；(ii) 随企业规模扩张而下降；(iii) 随工人离职率上升而升高。标准戴蒙德-莫滕森-皮萨里季斯匹配模型（Diamond-Mortensen Pissarides, DMP）与上述观测结果并不兼容。本文将雇佣前的工人筛选环节引入多雇佣企业的随机匹配模型。经校准的模型显示，工人筛选因素可解释观测数据中雇佣-职位空缺比率约30%的波动。相较于标准模型，工人筛选模型在政策含义上兼具定性与定量差异：雇佣补贴可在工人筛选模型中大幅降低失业率，而在标准模型中失业率降幅微乎其微。两类模型在雇佣补贴对不同企业的影响层面亦存在差异：工人筛选模型表明，初始工人离职率较高的企业在补贴实施后，其离职率将成比例进一步提升；与之相反，标准模型则预测，初始离职率较低的企业，其工人离职率的成比例增长幅度更大。