Demographic and clinical characteristics of the three studied groups.

Abbreviations: BMI (body mass index: before pregnancy for normotensive pregnant women and preeclamptic women), GWG (gestational weight gain), GA (gestational age), SBP (systolic blood pressure), DPB (diastolic blood pressure), NP (non-pregnant women), Norm (normotensive pregnant women), PE (preeclamptic women), N/A (not applicable). Note: n = total subjects. aData are presented as median (25th–75th percentiles); bData are presented as mean ± standard deviation; cData are presented as number (percentage). 1Kruskal-Wallis with Bonferroni correction; 2ANOVA with post-hoc LSD; 3Pearson chi-square (χ2) test. *p<0.05, **p<0.017.