Agricultural Total Factor Productivity (TFP), 2000-2016
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Increasing the efficiency of agricultural production—getting more output from the same amount of resources—is critical for improving food security. To measure the efficiency of agricultural systems, we use total factor productivity (TFP). TFP is an indicator of how efficiently agricultural land, labor, capital, and materials (agricultural inputs) are used to produce a country’s crops and livestock (agricultural output)—it is calculated as the ratio of total agricultural output to total production inputs. When more output is produced from a constant amount of resources, meaning that resources are being used more efficiently, TFP increases. Measures of land and labor productivity—partial factor productivity (PFP) measures—are calculated as the ratio of total output to total agricultural area (land productivity) and to the number of economically active persons in agriculture (labor productivity). Because PFP measures are easy to estimate, they are often used to measure agricultural production performance. These measures normally show higher rates of growth than TFP, because growth in land and labor productivity can result not only from increases in TFP but also from a more intensive use of other inputs (such as fertilizer or machinery). Indicators of both TFP and PFP contribute to the understanding of agricultural systems needed for policy and investment decisions by allowing for comparisons across time and across countries and regions. </p> The data include estimates of TFP and land and labor productivity measures for developing countries and regions for three-sub-periods between 2000 and 2016. These use the most recent data on outputs and inputs from the Economic Research Service of the US Department of Agriculture (ERS-USDA), an internationally consistent and comparable dataset on production and input quantities built using data from the FAOSTAT database of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), supplemented with data from national statistical sources (for more on <a href="https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/international-agricultural-productivity/">data and methodology</a>).
提高农业生产效率——即在同等资源投入下获得更多产出——对于提升粮食安全至关重要。为衡量农业系统的运行效率，我们采用全要素生产率（total factor productivity, TFP）这一核心指标。TFP是用于衡量农业土地、劳动力、资本与物资等农业投入要素，用于生产一国农作物与畜产品等农业产出的效率的指标，其计算方式为农业总产出与总生产投入的比值。当固定资源投入规模下实现产出增加时，意味着资源使用效率得到提升，TFP也会随之增长。针对土地与劳动生产率的衡量指标，即单要素生产率（partial factor productivity, PFP），其计算方式为总产出分别与农业总用地面积（土地生产率）、农业经济活动人口数量（劳动生产率）的比值。由于单要素生产率的测算流程较为简便，常被用于衡量农业生产绩效。这类指标的增长率通常高于TFP，因为土地与劳动生产率的增长不仅可源于TFP提升，还可来自化肥、农机等其他投入要素的更集约使用。全要素生产率与单要素生产率两类指标均可通过跨时间、跨国别与跨区域的对比分析，为理解农业系统提供关键支撑，助力政策制定与投资决策。 本数据集涵盖2000年至2016年间三个子时段内，发展中国家和地区的全要素生产率、土地生产率与劳动生产率测算结果。本数据集采用美国农业部经济研究局（Economic Research Service of the US Department of Agriculture, ERS-USDA）发布的最新产出与投入数据，该数据集是一套具备国际统一性与可比较性的生产与投入数量数据集，依托联合国粮食及农业组织（Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAO）的FAOSTAT数据库数据构建，并补充了各国官方统计来源数据（更多信息请参见<a href="https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/international-agricultural-productivity/">数据与方法</a>）。
