Neurodegenerative upper motor neuron (UMN) syndromes ranging from primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) to pure and complicated types of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) remain challenging to differentia
Triple labeled confocal image of the dentate gyrus of a transgenic mouse engineered to overexpress alpha synuclein under the Thy-1 promotor, immunolabeled for mGluR5 (red), alpha synuclein (green) a
Neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) present a significant global health challenge, characterized by cognitive decline, functional impairment, and other debilitating effects. C
Exclusion and inclusion criteria used for recruiting normal controls (NC) and subjects with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease in this study.