Supplemental File S1 - Perry et al., 2023

During the farm visit, the person responsible for calf care was asked to verbally answer questions posed by a research technician, and their responses were entered into an online survey software (Qualtrics; https://www.qualtrics.com/). No advice or opinions were offered by technicians while the questions were answered to avoid influencing the respondent. The questionnaire consisted of 114 multiple-choice and fill-in-the-blank questions focusing on herd demographics, within-herd and between-herd biosecurity, calving management, calf care, colostrum management, calf housing and feeding, as well as dry and milking cow management. The questionnaire was developed through a literature review of main risk factors associated with S. Dublin infection, as well as overall calf morbidity and mortality. The questionnaire was pretested on 4 dairy farms in the Guelph area before beginning data collection.