Originating from various environmental niches, large numbers of bacterial plasmids have been found carrying heavy metal and antibiotic resistance genes, degradation pathways and specific transporter g
The monomer units in the Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus cell wall peptidoglycans differ in the nature of the third amino acid in the l-alanyl-γ-d-glutamyl-X-d-alanyl-d-alanine side chain,
A new approach for modulating gene expression, based on randomization of promoter (spacer) sequences, was developed. The method was applied to chromosomal genes in Lactococcus lactis and shown to gene
