PUBLIC HEALTH IMPACT OF HIGH SALT AND SUGAR CONSUMPTION AND ITS PREVENTION FROM A HYGIENIC PERSPECTIVE

Excessive consumption of salt and sugar has become a significant public health concern worldwide, contributing to the growing prevalence of non-communicable diseases such as hypertension, cardiovascular disorders, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. Modern dietary patterns, characterized by high intake of processed foods and low nutritional awareness, have intensified this problem. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of excessive salt and sugar consumption on human health and to substantiate hygienic foundations for effective preventive measures. The research is based on a comprehensive review and analysis of scientific literature, international guidelines, and public health data, with particular emphasis on hygienic assessment and risk factor identification. The findings indicate that excessive intake of sodium and free sugars is strongly associated with metabolic disturbances, increased blood pressure, insulin resistance, and overall deterioration of health status. Furthermore, the study highlights that inadequate dietary habits and lack of awareness significantly contribute to these adverse outcomes. Preventive strategies, including dietary regulation, public health education, reduction of processed food consumption, and adherence to recommended intake levels, are essential in mitigating these risks. In conclusion, limiting salt and sugar intake, along with implementing hygienic and preventive measures, plays a crucial role in reducing the burden of chronic diseases and improving population health.