Oblique wave transmission through rough impermeable rubble mound submerged breakwaters

In total, four structures are tested using irregular long crested waves; ranging from a fully permeable to a fully impermeable rough rubble mound breakwater. In order to test for oblique waves, the model is rotated progressively by 15 deg, ranging from 0 deg to 60 deg. Secondary effects due to the physical constraints of the wave basin are minimised by placing an additional mound of rubble between the model and the edge of the basin. This prevents a large scale circulation pattern from occurring and reduces wave diffraction effects.