2021年山东长岛毗邻海域底层渔业生物监测数据集

近岸岛屿毗邻海域作为陆架边缘海中最具代表性的区域之一，是重要的海–陆过渡区域。在自然环境变动与人类活动的双重影响下，其生态系统具有多样性和复杂性。长岛毗邻海域具有典型的海岛生态环境特征，为渤黄海渔业种类的洄游通道和关键栖息地，对该海域生态系统食物网结构和能流过程具有重要意义。2021年3月至12月，山东长岛近海渔业资源国家野外科学观测研究站在长岛毗邻海域开展10航次，每航次10站的底层渔业生物逐月调查与样品测定。通过对渔获物的生物学测定数据进行计算，获得相对重要性指数（index of relative importance，IRI）、物种更替率、单位捕捞努力量渔获量（catch per unit effort，CPUE）以及包含Margalef丰富度指数（D）、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数（H′）和Pielou均匀度指数（J′）在内的生物多样性指数，构成了本数据集。基于多人全样本交叉复核完成审查与校对过程，确保数据集的规范性与准确性。本数据集可为渤黄海底层渔业生物时空格局和海岛生态系统研究提供数据支撑。
本数据集包含6个数据文件，其中有5个“*.xlsx”格式表格文件和1个“*.zip”格式压缩文件。“*.xlsx”文件包含5个数据表，分别为：底层渔业生物种群表、相对重要性指数表、群落生物多样性指数表、CPUE重心坐标表、物种更替率表。其中，“底层渔业生物种群表”包含各类群中在每个月份出现过的种群，共计5张工作表页面；“相对重要性指数表”包含2021年3–12月各月优势度数据，共计10张工作表页面；“*.zip”文件包含18张“*.jpg”格式图件，分别为：各类群CPUE站位比例分布图、鱼类种群CPUE站位比例分布图、软体动物种群CPUE站位比例分布图、节肢动物种群CPUE站位比例分布图、棘皮动物种群CPUE站位比例分布图、腕足动物种群CPUE站位比例分布图、总CPUE重心时空分布图、鱼类CPUE重心时空分布图、软体动物CPUE重心时空分布图、节肢动物CPUE重心时空分布图、棘皮动物CPUE重心时空分布图、腕足CPUE重心时空分布图、物种更替率折线图、渔业生物多样性指数折线图、鱼类生物多样性指数折线图、软体动物生物多样性指数折线图、节肢动物生物多样性指数折线图、棘皮动物生物多样性指数折线图。

The adjacent waters of nearshore islands, one of the most representative areas in the shelf marginal seas, serve as important sea-land transition zones. Affected by both natural environmental changes and human activities, their ecosystems exhibit high diversity and complexity. The adjacent waters of Changdao feature typical island ecological environments, serving as migration corridors and key habitats for fishery species in the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea, and are of great significance to the food web structure and energy flow processes of the local marine ecosystem. From March to December 2021, the National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Offshore Fishery Resources of Changdao, Shandong Province conducted monthly surveys and sample measurements of demersal fishery organisms in the adjacent waters of Changdao, with 10 sampling stations per cruise and 10 total cruises. By calculating the biological measurement data of the catches, we obtained the index of relative importance (IRI), species turnover rate, catch per unit effort (CPUE), and biodiversity indices including the Margalef richness index (D), Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H′), and Pielou evenness index (J′), which constitute this dataset. The review and proofreading process was completed through cross-checking of full samples by multiple personnel, ensuring the standardization and accuracy of the dataset. This dataset can provide data support for studies on the spatiotemporal patterns of demersal fishery organisms and island ecosystems in the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea.

This dataset contains 6 data files, including 5 Excel ("*.xlsx") spreadsheet files and 1 zip ("*.zip") compressed file. The "*.xlsx" files contain 5 data tables, namely: Demersal Fishery Organism Population Table, Index of Relative Importance Table, Community Biodiversity Index Table, CPUE Centroid Coordinate Table, and Species Turnover Rate Table. Specifically, the Demersal Fishery Organism Population Table includes populations of each taxon that appeared in each month, with a total of 5 worksheet pages; the Index of Relative Importance Table contains dominance data for each month from March to December 2021, with a total of 10 worksheet pages. The "*.zip" file contains 18 JPEG ("*.jpg") graphics, including: Distribution map of CPUE station proportion for each taxon, Distribution map of CPUE station proportion for fish populations, Distribution map of CPUE station proportion for mollusk populations, Distribution map of CPUE station proportion for arthropod populations, Distribution map of CPUE station proportion for echinoderm populations, Distribution map of CPUE station proportion for brachiopod populations, Spatiotemporal distribution map of total CPUE centroid, Spatiotemporal distribution map of fish CPUE centroid, Spatiotemporal distribution map of mollusk CPUE centroid, Spatiotemporal distribution map of arthropod CPUE centroid, Spatiotemporal distribution map of echinoderm CPUE centroid, Spatiotemporal distribution map of brachiopod CPUE centroid, Line chart of species turnover rate, Line chart of fishery organism biodiversity index, Line chart of fish biodiversity index, Line chart of mollusk biodiversity index, Line chart of arthropod biodiversity index, and Line chart of echinoderm biodiversity index.